Inhibition of gene expression and production of iNOS and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated microglia by methanol extract of Phellodendri cortex

Park, Yong‐Ki; Chung, Yoo Sun; Kim, Yoon Seong; Kwon, O-Yoon; Joh, Tong H.

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.03.018

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Previous pharmacological and phytochemical studies about this herb mainly focused on the quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids (e.g. berberine and palmatine) (Ma et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2005;Mitani et al, 2001;Park et al, 2007), while little attention was paid to the phenols and other compounds (Yoshiteru et al, 1994). Several analytical methods, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality assessment of Cortex Phellodendri by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Sze

et al. 2009

Biomedical Chromatography

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A simple method based on liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS) was developed for the quality assessment of Cortex Phellodendri (CP), which was mainly derived from two species of Phellodendron chinense Schneid and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Total 41 compounds, including 14 phenols, 24 alkaloids and three liminoidal triterpenes were identified or tentatively characterized from the 75% methanol extract of CP samples by online ESI-MS(n) fragmentation and UV spectra analysis. Among them, two phenols and six alkaloids were simultaneously quantified using HPLC-DAD method. The validated HPLC-DAD method showed a good linearity, precision, repeatability and accuracy for the quantification of eight marker compounds. Furthermore, the plausible fragmentation pathway of the representative compounds were proposed in the present study. The differences of the chemical constituents content and the comprehensive HPLC profiles between the two CP species using LC-DAD-ESI-MS method are reported for the first time, indicating that the CP drugs from different resources should be used separately in the clinic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality assessment of Cortex Phellodendri by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Sze

et al. 2009

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…Previous microglia isolation approaches have led to enriched microglia cultures from whole brain (Giulian and Baker, 1986;Floden and Combs, 2007;Park et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2007); hippocampus (Frank et al, 2006); cerebral cortices (Saura et al, 2003;Min et al, 2006); forebrain (Milner and Campbell, 2002;Majed et al, 2006); subcortical white matter (de Groot et al, 2001;Dalmau et al, 2003); corpus callosum; and prefrontal, temporal, and occipital cortex (de Groot et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia of rat ventral midbrain recovers its resting state over time in vitro: Let microglia rest before work

Cristóvão

Saavedra

Fonseca

et al. 2009

J of Neuroscience Research

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Cortical or total brain cultures of microglia are commonly used as a model to study the inflammatory processes in Parkinson's disease. Here we characterize microglia cultures from rat ventral midbrain and evaluate their response to zymosan A. We used specific markers of microglia and evaluated the morphology, the phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of the cells. During the first 10 days in vitro (DIV), cultures presented predominantly cells with a round morphology, expressing CD68 and with high phagocytic activity and ROS production. After 13 DIV, this tendency was reversed, with cultures showing higher number of ramified cells and fewer CD68(+) cells along with lower phagocytic and ROS production capability, suggesting that microglia must be kept in vitro for at least 13 days to recover its resting state. The exposure of cultures with less than 10 DIV to zymosan A significantly decreased cell viability. Exposure of cultures with 13 DIV to zymosan A (0.05, 0.5, or 5 microg/ml) increased the total cell number, the percentage of CD68(+) cells, and the phagocytic activity. Concentrations of zymosan A higher than 5 microg/ml were also effective in activating microglia but significantly decreased the number of viable cells. In summary, microglial cells remain in the activated state for several days after the isolation process and, thus, stimulation of microglia recently isolated can compromise interpretation of the results. However, upon 13 DIV, cells achieve properties of nonactivated microglia and present a characteristic response to a proinflammatory agent.

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“…Recently, several studies have shown that PCE had a protective role against ischemia-reperfusioninduced brain injury through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration into the brain (Hwang et al 2002b). It also alleviated LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses, including LPS-induced expression of TNF-a, IL-1b, and iNOS through the negative modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) signaling in the microglial cells (Park et al 2007). Thus, these studies suggest a new medicinal role of PCE on suppressing inflammatory response in the central nervous system, which can lead to developing a novel therapeutics using PCE for treating neurodegenerative diseases in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have demonstrated that PCE alleviated LPS-induced acute airway inflammation through decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and releasing inflammatory mediators (Mao et al 2010). It also attenuated LPSinduced inflammatory responses and inhibited the expression of TNF-a, IL-1b, and nitric oxide mRNAs in BV2 mouse microglia cells (Park et al 2007). These studies suggest that PCE could be useful for suppressing inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect ofPhellodendri Cortexagainst lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats

Lee

Sur

Cho

et al. 2012

Animal Cells and Systems

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Inhibition of gene expression and production of iNOS and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated microglia by methanol extract of Phellodendri cortex

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Quality assessment of Cortex Phellodendri by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Quality assessment of Cortex Phellodendri by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Microglia of rat ventral midbrain recovers its resting state over time in vitro: Let microglia rest before work

Protective effect ofPhellodendri Cortexagainst lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats

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