Inhibition of Dental Erosion by Casein and Casein-Derived Proteins

Abstract

The application of milk-derived proteins such as casein as anti-erosion agents in oral healthcare products is of current interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of 3 commercially available, milk-derived proteins as agents to inhibit enamel erosion. Aqueous solutions of 0.5% w/v casein, casein phosphopeptide (CPP) or glycomacropeptide (GMP) with and without 300 ppm fluoride (F, as NaF) were investigated with regard to enamel softening and tissue loss, in comparison with a deionised water (DIW) negative control and 300 ppm F positive control. Casein and F reduced enamel surface softening compared to DIW, but CPP and GMP did not (DIW: 58.2% reduction in hardness; F: 13.3%; casein: 21.8%; CPP: 50.8%; GMP: 62.4%). Similar results were obtained with solutions containing protein and F, and the effects were statistically indistinguishable from protein alone (casein + F: 19.1%; CPP + F: 48.2%; GMP + F: 66.1%). By contrast, all protein solutions and F significantly reduced tissue loss (p < 0.050; DIW: 25.8 µm tissue loss; F: 21.6 µm; casein: 20.3 µm; CPP: 20.5 µm; GMP: 20.0 µm). Solutions containing protein and F reduced erosion more than protein alone, but this difference was only significant from protein alone for casein (casein + F: 12.2 µm; CPP + F: 17.3 µm; GMP + F: 18.2 µm). Casein and casein-derived proteins may therefore have the potential to act as agents to reduce or prevent enamel erosion. Furthermore, the erosion-reducing efficacy is not reduced by F, and is in some cases enhanced.

Protective effect of calcium nanophosphate and CPP-ACP agents on enamel erosion

“…[4][5][6] In recent years, other agents for inhibiting erosion have been investigated, such as casein phosphopeptides with amorphous calcium phosphate complex (CPP-ACP). [8][9][10] CPP-ACP complex may increase the level of calcium and inorganic phosphate ions at the tooth surface, thereby permitting immediate enamel surface remineralization. [8][9][10] Additionally, there have been advancements in nanotechnological developments of products for the remineralization of enamel, such as nano-hydroxyapatite (HA).…”

“…[8][9][10] CPP-ACP complex may increase the level of calcium and inorganic phosphate ions at the tooth surface, thereby permitting immediate enamel surface remineralization. [8][9][10] Additionally, there have been advancements in nanotechnological developments of products for the remineralization of enamel, such as nano-hydroxyapatite (HA). 11 However, HA has been studied only as a biomimetic material to remineralize enamel carious lesions, 11 whereas its effect on eroded enamel has not been investigated.…”

Effects of tannin-fluoride and milk-fluoride mixture on human enamel erosion from inappropriately chlorinated pool water

“…CPPs can be complexed with calcium and phosphate to casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), which acts as a vehicle for bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions. CPP-ACP or CPP with the addition of fluoride has been shown to reduce dental erosion (20,21). However, the effect of milk-fluoride mixture and a combination of tanninfluoride and milk-fluoride on human enamel erosion has not yet been reported.…”

Efeito de materiais contendo compostos bioativos na remineralização de lesões de erosão no esmalte bovino: estudo in vitro

“…A nanodureza utiliza o mesmo princípio da microdureza, mais numa escala menor, com um endentador de diamante Berkovich de forma trigonal piramidal. Além da dureza, este método permite o cálculo de outras propriedades mecânicas, como a deformação plástica Rees, 2004;Schlueter et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;White et al, 2011;White et al, 2010).…”

“…Na perfilometria de contato, a superfície é escaneada com uma caneta com ponta de aço ou diamante, que penetra na superfície erosionada e pode superestimar a profundidade da lesão (Barbosa et al, 2012;Heurich et al, 2010). A perfilometria de não contato usa uma sonda de luz laser (branca ou azul clara), podendo analisar erosões profundas ou superfícies naturais curvadas, entretanto para se obter máxima sensibilidade e precisão são necessárias superfícies planas (Ablal et al, 2009;Rees, 2004;Elton et al, 2009;Hara et al, 2008;Schlueter et al, 2011;Venasakulchai et al, 2010;White et al, 2011;White et al, 2010).…”