Inhibition of Cow's Milk Xanthine Oxidase by Flavonoids

Hayashi, Toshimitsu; Sawa, Kazuko; Kawasaki, M.; Arisawa, Munehisa; Shimizu, Minen; Morita, Naokata

doi:10.1021/np50056a030

Cited by 132 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Flavonoids are also effective inhibitors of several enzymes including XO, cyclooxygenase, and lipooxigenase. [21][22][23] Thus, the putative therapeutic effects of A. vulgaris and its XO inhibitory activity are ascribed to its flavonoid constituents. Another Asteraceae plant, B. balsamifera, is also reported to contain a number of flavonoids inhibiting XO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another Asteraceae plant, B. balsamifera, is also reported to contain a number of flavonoids inhibiting XO. [21][22][23][24][25] It is interesting to note that the wood of C. sappan possesses various biological activities such as antioxidative, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, and hypoglycemic activity. Among the activities, the antioxidative activity is the most widely studied, and was attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds such as brazilin and flavanoids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Vietnamese Medicinal Plants

Nguyen

Awale

Tezuka

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

181

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural products are excellent sources of lead compounds in the search for new medicaments for the treatment of diseases. The largest present underexplored source of such materials lies in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In these areas, a long tradition of ethnobotanical medicine often exists and offers a rich and relatively untapped source for the discovery of new drugs from natural products. Vietnam, a tropical Southeast Asian country, also has a long history of traditional medicine systems. 1) However, systematic exploitation of these natural resources for their human health benefits has not been carried out to a significant degree.Gout is a common disease with a worldwide distribution. Hyperuricemia, which is associated with gout, results from the overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid and is greatly influenced by a high dietary intake of foods rich in nucleic acids, such as meats (especially organ meats), leguminous seeds, some types of seafood, and food yeasts. 2,3) During the last step of purine metabolism, xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyses the oxidation of xanthine and hypoxanthine into uric acid. 4) Uricosuric drugs which increase the urinary excretion of uric acid, or XO inhibitors which block the terminal step in uric acid biosynthesis, can lower the plasma uric acid concentration, and are generally employed for the treatment of gout.5) Allopurinol is a clinically used XO inhibitor in the treatment of gout, but this drug suffers from many side effects such as hepatitis, nephropathy, and allergic reactions.6) Thus, new alternatives with increased therapeutic activity and less side effects are desired. Moreover, superoxide anion radicals generated by XO are involved in various pathological states such as hepatitis, inflammation, ischemiareperfusion, carcinogenesis, and aging.2,7) Thus, the search for novel XO inhibitors would be beneficial not only to treat gout but also to combat various other diseases.To identify potential XO inhibitory agents from natural sources, we have tested 288 extracts prepared from 96 selected medicinal plants, which are used by the indigenous people in Vietnam for the treatment of gout or diseases associated with symptoms such as rheumatism, arthritis and inflammation. In addition, the active constituents of Chrysanthemum sinense, which showed the most potent XO inhibitory activity, have been determined. Chemicals Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) from bovine milk (10 units/ml) and xanthine were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Allopurinol was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Other reagents were of the highest grade available. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialsPreparation of Samples Each medicinal plant (10-213 g) was cut into small pieces and extracted successively with MeOH (200-300 ml, reflux, 2 h, ϫ3), MeOH-H 2 O (1 : 1, 200-300 ml, reflux, 2 h, ϫ2), and water (200-300 ml, reflux, 2 h). The MeOH solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a MeOH extract, while MeOH-H 2 O (1 : 1) and w...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Vietnamese Medicinal Plants

Nguyen

Awale

Tezuka

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

181

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The inhibition of XO was measured spectrometrically from uric acid that released from xanthine (Hayashi et al, 1988). The reaction mixture, consisting of 0.5 mL of the sample extract, 0.77 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) and 0.07 mL of bovine milk XO, was incubated at 25°C for 15 minutes.…”

Section: Determination Of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Phenolic Profiles of Şevketi Bostan (Cnicus benedictus L.) Cultivated in Aegean Region from Turkey

Can

Baltaş

Keskin

et al. 2017

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic profiles and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and gastro-protective activities of Cnicus benedictus L., a type of milk thistle cultivated in Turkey. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity was measured to determine antioxidant capacity. The anti-urease and anti-xanthine oxidase activities were used to determine the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extracts, respectively. The TPC was 337.40 and 635.10 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g and TFC was 41.05 -119.12 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g in the root and leaf extracts, respectively. The root and leaf extracts of Cnicus benedictus L., were exhibited different inhibition values against both of the enzymes. The inhibition effect of the both enzymes were calculated as IC 50 (mg/mL) in terms of 50% inhibition of the enzymes. The xanthine oxidase activity of the leaf and root was 18.53 and 19.75 mg/mL and the urease activity were 2.29 mg/mL and 11.53 mg/mL, respectively. Fifteen phenolic compounds were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). Vanillic, silibinin B, ferulic acid and rutin were found major amount of the plant. In conclusion, the plant have high potential beneficial nutraceuticals and consumption of the together with its roots and leafs will be beneficial in terms of nutrition.

show abstract

“…UA clearance depends on the urate transporter, such as URAT1, OAT1, and OAT3 that mediating reabsorption or urate secretion [24]. The kidneys act important role in the homeostatic state of UA because 70% of urate can be filtered freely on the glomerulus, transmitted to the renal tubules and excreted through the kidneys [25].…”

Section: Gte Effects On Uric Acid Levels In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis L.) Effects on Uric Acid Levels on Hyperuricemia Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Nugraheni

Rahmawati

Mahdi

et al. 2017

J. Pure App. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Uric acid is the end product of purine degradation. When uric acid levels exceed normal limits, it will build up and cause hyperuricemia. Allopurinol is one of the most effective and common medicine for hyperuricemia, but it brings serious side effects, therefore it is needed alternative therapy for hyperuricemia. One plant that may be expected to low uric acid levels is green tea (Camellia sinensis L.), that contains many antioxidants polyphenols, especially flavonoids. Flavonoid has strong antioxidant properties, act as free radical and metal scavengers, and also xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors. This study investigates the potential of green tea using various doses of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of body weight in 24 white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain that has been received high purine diet in 60 consecutive days. This study used DHBSA methods to measure uric acid levels in blood serum and urine that excreted 8 hours before surgery. Green tea extract that contains polyphenol can inhibit XOD activities, therefore, it leads to decrease uric acid level in blood and increase the excretion through urine by modulating urate gene transporter. A therapy with 600 mg/kg body weight of GTE is the most effective dose to decrease uric acid levels in serum and to increase excretion of exceeding uric acid significantly (p < 0.01), from One Way ANOVA and Tukey analysis.

show abstract

Inhibition of Cow's Milk Xanthine Oxidase by Flavonoids

Cited by 132 publications

References 7 publications

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Vietnamese Medicinal Plants

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Vietnamese Medicinal Plants

Properties of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Phenolic Profiles of Şevketi Bostan (Cnicus benedictus L.) Cultivated in Aegean Region from Turkey

Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis L.) Effects on Uric Acid Levels on Hyperuricemia Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About