Inhibition of corneal epithelial cell migration by cadmium and mercury

Ubels, John L.; Osgood, Thomas B.

doi:10.1007/bf01691942

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although the greatest exposure to Cd occurs by tobacco smoke, there is evidence that Cd can cause severe corneal edema and toxic keratitis by contact [ 27 ]. Cd can increase endothelial cells permeability in animal models, causing corneal edema, as well as epithelial cell migration after injury [ 55 ]. Thus, the EU forbade the use of Cd and its compounds in cosmetics and only allows the presence of residual amounts establishing a legal limit of 5 ppm [ 40 , 44 , 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a large number of heavy metals, there are no defined limits beyond representing a human health risk [ 40 , 44 ]. Although the presence in excess of some heavy metal may lead to health problems [ 55 ], the levels of several of these metals found in cosmetics, e.g., Cu, Fe, and Zn, are considered non-significant regarding toxicological effects in human health and are allowed in this type of product as per Regulation No. 1223/2009 of the European Parliament.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets

Navarro-Tapia

Serra-Delgado

Fernandez-Lopez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Kohl is a traditional cosmetic widely used in Asia and Africa. In recent years, demand for kohl-based eyelids and lipsticks has increased in Europe, linked to migratory phenomena of populations from these continents. Although the European legislation prohibits the use of heavy metals in cosmetics due to the harmful effects to human health, particularly to pregnant women and children, these elements are still present in certain products. The European Union recommended levels are Pb < 20 ppm, As < 5 ppm, Cd < 5 ppm, Sb < 100 ppm, and Ni < 200 ppm. In Germany, levels are more restrictive: Pb < 2 ppm, As < 0.5 ppm, Cd < 0.1 ppm, Sb < 0.5 ppm, and Ni < 10 ppm. Here, we analyzed 12 kohl-based cosmetics in different presentations (powder, paste, and pencil) that were purchased in Spanish and German local shops. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer was used to identify toxic elements and heavy metals. Levels of Pb ranged between 1.7 and 410,000 ppm in six of the study samples, four of which had levels above the recommended limit of at least two heavy metals. Arsenic (a carcinogenic element) values were within the range allowed by the EU in only 58% of the studied samples. Moreover, two products doubled this limit, reaching levels of 9.2 and 12.6 ppm. In one of the products, cadmium, related to toxic keratitis, was four times higher (20.7 ppm) than that allowed, while in two other products, these limits were doubled (11.8 and 12.7 ppm). Our results indicate the need to supervise the manufacture of kohl-based traditional products and the analysis of their composition prior distribution in European countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets

Navarro-Tapia

Serra-Delgado

Fernandez-Lopez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…This was studied by Ubels and Osgood (1991) in longhorn sculpin. This was observed in our patient since the corneal epithelial defect took longer than expected to heal completely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Toxic effect of Cadmium found in eyeliner to the eye of a 21 year old Saudi woman: A case report

Amry

Alsaikhan

Ayoubi

2011

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Impact of Eye Cosmetics on the Eye, Adnexa, and Ocular Surface

Evans

North³

et al. 2016

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

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Despite the fact that cosmetic products undergo rigorous testing to ensure they are safe for human use, some users report mild discomfort following their application. The cutaneous changes, such as allergic dermatitis, are well reported, but the ocular changes associated with eye cosmetic use are less so. Some pigmented cosmetic products may accumulate within the lacrimal system and conjunctivae over many years of use, but immediate reports of eye discomfort after application are most common. Changes to the tear film and its stability may occur shortly after application, and contact lens wearers can also be affected by lens spoliation from cosmetic products. Additionally, creams used in the prevention of skin aging are often applied around the eyes, and retinoids present in these formulations can have negative effects on meibomian gland function and may be a contributing factor to dry eye disease. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the impact of cosmetic products on the eye, ocular surface, and tear film.

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Inhibition of corneal epithelial cell migration by cadmium and mercury

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets

Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets

Toxic effect of Cadmium found in eyeliner to the eye of a 21 year old Saudi woman: A case report

Impact of Eye Cosmetics on the Eye, Adnexa, and Ocular Surface

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