Inhibition of Cariogenic Plaque Formation on Root Surface with Polydopamine-Induced-Polyethylene Glycol Coating

Abstract

Root caries prevention has been a challenge for clinicians due to its special anatomical location, which favors the accumulation of dental plaque. Researchers are looking for anti-biofouling material to inhibit bacterial growth on exposed root surfaces. This study aimed to develop polydopamine-induced-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and to study its anti-biofouling effect against a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on the root dentine surface. Hydroxyapatite disks and human dentine blocks were divided into four groups for experiments. They received polydopamine-induced-PEG, PEG, polydopamine, or water application. Contact angle, quartz crystal microbalance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the wetting property, surface affinity, and an infrared spectrum; the results indicated that PEG was induced by polydopamine onto a hydroxyapatite disk. Salivary mucin absorption on hydroxyapatite disks with polydopamine-induced-PEG was confirmed using spectrophotometry. The growth of a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on dentine blocks with polydopamine-induced-PEG was assessed and monitored by colony-forming units, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that dentine with polydopamine-induced-PEG had fewer bacteria than other groups. In conclusion, a novel polydopamine-induced-PEG coating was developed. Its anti-biofouling effect inhibited salivary mucin absorption and cariogenic biofilm formation on dentine surface and thus may be used for the prevention of root dentine caries.

Probing polydopamine adhesion to protein and polymer films: microscopic and spectroscopic evaluation

“…The spectrum for the PD product appears to resemble the spectrum that would be achieved by overlaying the spectra for dopamine hydrochloride and Tris base, and also shows similarity to spectra obtained by Iqbal et al [4] for PD with the 1200-1500 cm -1 region being assigned to C-C, C-O and C-N, and the 3000 cm -1 region assigned to C, N, O and 3500 cm -1 to primary amine stretching which is supportive of PD. There is also similarity to Mei et al's [18] spectrum with a common peak near 1600 cm -1 indicative of aromatic rings. There is further similarity to spectra obtained Iqbal et al [69] for PD-coated nanoparticles and good similarity to the spectrum obtained by Steeves et al [5] for PD with nanoporous titanium.…”

“…Though experiments have been performed with PD and mucin (MUC1) antibodies [29], to the authors' knowledge no other PD mucin adhesion experiments have been performed. However, it was expected that adhesion to mucin would be low since a PEG-PD coating was found to reduce mucin adsorption even though the effect of PD alone was not significant; [18] and low mucin-mucin adhesive forces were seen by Berry et al [30]. This agrees with Dague et al [31], who observed that Lactococcus lactis adhesion decreased after mucin adsorption.…”

“…The mussel adhesive-inspired polydopamine (PD) appears to be an ideal biomaterial coating since it fulfils all these criteria. It exhibits low cytotoxicity [2], antibacterial properties [3,4], promotes cell growth [5][6][7][8], resists corrosion [9], can aid antibiotic release [10,11], is simple to produce with control over film thickness [12] and can be attached to a variety of surfaces including silanes [13], metals [9,14], polymers [7,[15][16][17] dentine [18] and even hair [19].…”

Harnessing biomolecules for bioinspired dental biomaterials

“…[414][415][416] Other similar strategies have been developed using monomers. 417,418 Additional work developed a coating process for dentin whereby lysozyme (an antimicrobial enzyme part of the immune system) 419 is emulsified in a solution of PEG (polyethylene glycol) to form amyloid-like lysozyme oligomer aggregates and result in an antifouling coating against proteins and S. mutans and induce remineralization under specific conditions. 420 Another wellstudied, though not necessarily biomolecule-derived, hard tissue modification, is silver diamine fluoride.…”

Biodegradable polymers for dental tissue engineering and regeneration

“…Moreover, these nanoparticles transferred other therapeutic agents inside the tubules [289]. Mei et al developed HA disks with polydopamine-induced-PEG coating, finding anti-biofouling effect against a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on the root dentine surface [290]. Thoma et al used PEG hydrogel as matrix in combination with HA/tricalcium phosphate for guided bone regeneration procedures.…”