Inhibition of Bacterial Spores and Vegetative Cells by Glycerides

Abstract

Monolaurin, monomyristin, monolinolein, and monolinolenin inhibited cell growth from Bacillus cereus T, Clostridium botulinum 62A, and Clostridium sporogenes PA3679 spores and vegetative cells. The inhibitory action increased in the order monolinolein monomyristin, monolaurin, monolinolenin. Monopalmitin, monostearin, and monolein had a partial effect and diglycerides and triglycerides had no effect. B. cereus T spores were more sensitive to monolaurin, monomyristin, monolinolein, and monolinolenin than vegetative cells. Spores and vegetative cells of C. botulinum 62A were similarly affected by monolaurin, whereas vegetative cells were more resistant to monomyristin, monolinolein, and monolinolenin than spores. In general, C. botulinum 62A and C. sporogenes PA 3679 were more resistant than B. cereus T, except for monolinolein and monomyristin, in which Bacillus spores were more resistant than PA3679 spores. C. botulinum 62A spores were equally (monomyristin) or less resistant (monolaurin, monolinolenin) than PA3679. Monomyristin had the same activity on the three strains. Monolaurin (0.073 to 0.109 mM), monomyristin (0.331 to 0.497 mM), and monolinolenin (0.085 to 0.182 mM) affected germination and outgrowth, whereas monolinolein (0.564 to 0.848 mM) inhibited cell multiplication from B. cereus T spores. Monolaurin (0.145 to 0.182 mM) inhibited outgrowth, but monomyristin (0.331 to 0.497 mM) and monolinolenin (0.142 to 0.182 mM) affected germination of 62A spores. Cell multiplication was inhibited by monolinolein (0.564 to 0.848 mM). C. sporogenes PA3679 spore germination and outgrowth were inhibited by monomyristin (0.331 to 0.497 mM) and monolinolenin (0.142 to 0.282 mM), or monolaurin (0.182 to 0.255 mM), monomyristin (0.165 to 0.248 mM), and monolinolenin (0.085 to 0.113 mM) inhibited cell multiplication from PA3679. Starch neutralized the inhibitory activity of monolaurin, monomyristin, monolinolein, and monolinolenin against 62A spores. The starch antagonism decreased as the concentration of glyceride increased.

Progress in Synthesis of Monoglycerides for Use in Food and Pharmaceuticals

“…3. The antimicrobial activities of particular types of monoglycerides such as monolaurin, monomyristin, monolinolein, and monolinolenin have also been reported [42]. 4.…”

Oleochemical Industry Future through Biotechnology

“…The monoesters of glycerol and long fatty acids monoglycerides, MG are hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules used widely in pharmaceutical, baking, and cosmetic industry as emulsifiers, Furthermore, they have a generally recognized as safe status 63 and some newly uncovered beneficial effects and nutritional properties had been reported, such as the antimicrobial activities of monolaurin, monomyristin, monolinolein, and monolinolenin 66 .…”

“…The major drawbacks of this process include high-energy consumption, low yield, and poor product quality 66 . The replacement of inorganic catalysts by lipases in the synthesis of partial glycerides has advantages of catalysis at lower temperatures which prevents the discoloration and avoids side product formation 68,69 , less polluting and energy consuming, moreover, it can produce glycerides with unsaturated fatty acids, that is commonly difficult by chemical methods.…”

Determination of Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of "Kabate" Larva Oil from Timor Island

“…Some examples of monoacylglycerol from fatty acids that reported for having antimicrobial activity i.e. monolaurin from coconut oil 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 , monocaprin from coconut oil 9 , monomyristin and monolinolein 10 and also monoolein 11 .…”