Inhibition of bacterial growth by some amino‐acids and its bearing on the use of tryptic digests as culture media

Gordon, J.; M'Leod, J. W.

doi:10.1002/path.1700290104

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…So far, 3-IS has been known as a mediator of endothelial damage and cardiovascular disease in patients suffering from renal failure. 15 However, our results appear to support laboratory findings that microbiota-derived indole and derivatives thereof, such as indole-3-aldehyde and 5-hydroxyindole, do not only support survival of mixed microbial communities 16,17 but also exert bacteriostatic effects on gram-negative enteric bacilli and certain cocci, 18,19 provide colonization resistance to Candida albicans, 17 and strengthen epithelial cell barrier properties and protection from inflammation by simultaneously decreasing and increasing expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. 17,20 In addition, 3-IS was described to directly regulate T-cell differentiation by stimulating Th2 responses, which may also contribute to GVHD protection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This does not imply that the identified OTUs all produce and release indole; they may just grow better in the presence of indole and some of its derivatives, which have proved capable of slowing the growth of other bacteria such as gram-negative enteric bacilli. 18,19 Conversely, the latter will grow better in the absence of indole. Independent of the biological effects of indole within microbial communities and on the human host, the data support the recent finding that Lachnospiraceae, and in particular members of the genus Blautia, which is represented in the present data set by OTU AY990000 (supplemental Table 1), protect against GI GVHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low urinary indoxyl sulfate levels early after transplantation reflect a disrupted microbiome and are associated with poor outcome

Weber

Oefner

Hiergeist

et al. 2015

Blood

174

158

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Key Points• Urinary 3-IS levels predict outcome after ASCT and are associated with antibiotics and NOD2/CARD15 variants.Indole, which is produced from L-tryptophan by commensal bacteria expressing tryptophanase, not only is an important intercellular signal in microbial communities, but also modulates mucosal barrier function and expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory genes by intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we hypothesized that decreased urinary excretion of 3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS), the major conjugate of indole found in humans, may be a marker of gut microbiota disruption and increased risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) graftversus-host-disease. Using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, 3-IS was determined in urine specimens collected weekly within the first 28 days after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in 131 patients. Low 3-IS levels within the first 10 days after ASCT were associated with significantly higher transplant-related mortality (P 5 .017) and worse overall survival (P 5 .05) 1 year after ASCT. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression models trained on lognormalized counts of 763 operational taxonomic units derived from next-generation sequencing of the hypervariable V3 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene showed members of the families of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae of the class of Clostridia to be associated with high urinary 3-IS levels, whereas members of the class of Bacilli were associated with low 3-IS levels. Risk factors of early suppression of 3-IS levels were the type of GI decontamination (P 5 .01), early onset of antibiotic treatment (P 5 .001), and recipient NOD2/ CARD15 genotype (P 5 .04). In conclusion, our findings underscore the relevance of microbiota-derived indole and metabolites thereof in mucosal integrity and protection from inflammation. (Blood. 2015;126(14):1723-1728) IntroductionAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) constitutes a potential curative therapy for various hematologic malignancies, bone marrow failure, and immune deficiency syndromes. However, this treatment is still associated with a high risk of mortality because of infectious complications and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A significant part of these severe complications originates from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. 1The introduction of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing has provided novel insights into the diversity and complexity of the gut ecosystem.2 Loss of a diverse composition of the microbiome has been associated with a variety of diseases including inflammatory bowel and autoimmune diseases. At least in part this may be because of the increasingly recognized role that commensal bacteria play in maintaining immunologic homeostasis and epithelial integrity and in exerting anti-inflammatory effects and intestinal tolerance by inducing regulatory T cells. 3,4 Recent studies have demonstrated an association between intestinal bacterial diversity in both mouse models and humans and outcome of ASCT.5-7 A significantly higher ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low urinary indoxyl sulfate levels early after transplantation reflect a disrupted microbiome and are associated with poor outcome

Weber

Oefner

Hiergeist

et al. 2015

Blood

174

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…D-Alanine however, did not inhibit growth. Gordon & McLeod (1926) also reported that D-alanine did not influence growth in different species at various concentrations up to 1%. Though these findings seem in contradiction in the first instance with the foregoing, it is possible that the deviating pattern for alanine has some, as yet unknown relation, to the quantitatively exceptional position which this amino acid occupies in streptococcus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Additive Effect of Glycine and other Amino Acids on the Induction of the L-Phase of Group A -Haemolytic Streptococci by Penicillin and D-Cycloserine

Michel

Hijmans

1960

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe ability of glycine to induce L-phase of bacteria did not apply to group A 8-haemolytic streptococci. In the presence of penicillin, glycine in a bacterial inhibitory concentration had a notably additive L-phase inducing property for streptococci. Reasons are given to support the view that this activity o€ glycine is limited to the induction of L-phase growth. A sharp increase in the yield of L-phase colonies was also observed when serine, threonine, methionine or alanine were tested under similar conditions. When the effectiveness of the racemate and both the isomers of these amino acids was compared, the D-isomer was the active substance in most cases. In one strain, the L-inducing and bacterial inhibitory action of the racemate and both isomers of methionine was tested simultaneously. The yield of L-phase colonies was found to be inversely proportional to the effect of the different stereoisomers on bacterial growth.D-Cycloserine had a weak L-inducing effect on group A streptococci, but the combined action of D-cycloserine and glycine or DL-serine was equal to that obtained with penicillin and the same amino acids. Propagation of these L-phase organisms was possible in the presence of 1 yo (w/v) glycine and within a narrow range of concentrations of D-cycloserine. The additive effect of the amino acids cited towards penicillin and D-cycloserine for the induction of L-phase structures can be explained by the antibiotic property of high concentrations of glycine and some of the D-amino acids.

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“…L'action inhibitrice de la glycine sur la croissance bactérienne a été signalée, dès 1926, par Gordon et McLeod (24). Dans la suite, Gordon et Gordon (15) ont observé que la glycine induisait le pléo morphisme des vibrions cholériques et que l'alanine, mais à con centration plus élevée, produisait des effets semblables.…”

Section: Et Même D'escherichia Coliunclassified

Formation de protoplastes d’Escherichia coli sous l’influence de la glycine et d’autres acides aminés

Welsch¹

1958

Pathobiology

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Inhibition of bacterial growth by some amino‐acids and its bearing on the use of tryptic digests as culture media

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Low urinary indoxyl sulfate levels early after transplantation reflect a disrupted microbiome and are associated with poor outcome

Low urinary indoxyl sulfate levels early after transplantation reflect a disrupted microbiome and are associated with poor outcome

The Additive Effect of Glycine and other Amino Acids on the Induction of the L-Phase of Group A -Haemolytic Streptococci by Penicillin and D-Cycloserine

Formation de protoplastes d’Escherichia coli sous l’influence de la glycine et d’autres acides aminés

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