Furocoumarins are a group of naturally occurring oxygen heterocyclic compounds synthesized by different plants (mainly Citrus species). They have several physiological effects, e.g. photoreactivity and inhibition of intestinal and liver drug metabolism, which imply the need to control their concentration in products intended for human use. We tested different sample preparation approaches and LC with different detection modes:
UV, APCI-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS for the determination of bergapten (BGPT) and bergamottin (BGMT) in different samples of beverages and cosmetics. Direct injection of sample solutions was applicable only for essential oils, while liquid-liquid extraction proved to be timeconsuming and unsuitable for our samples. Solid-phase extraction with a preconcentration factor of 20 yielded repeatable recoveries for aqueous solutions (97.4% for BGPT, 64.6% for BGMT) and the concentration range was > 0.1 mg/l for UV detection and 2-1000 mg/l for MS/MS detection. Results of sample analysis indicated some problems connected both to detection and the extraction. The standard addition method for quanti¼cation yielded the most reliable results. CopyrightSemi-solid samples were weighted (3-4 g), suspended in deionized water (100 ml) and ¼ltered prior to SPE through wide-pore Figure 3. Chromatograms of diluted (1:100) essential oil of bergamot peel (C. bergamia): (a) ESI-MS detection, total ion current; (b) UV detection at 310 nm; (c) ESI-MS detection, extracted ion at m/z 217. Peak assignments: 1, bergapten; 2, bergamottin; N, identified from its mas spectrum as citropten. au, absorbance unit; cps, counts per second