Inhibition and promotion: The effect of earth alkali metals and operating temperature on particle agglomeration/defluidization during incineration in fluidized bed

Lin, Chong; Kuo, Jia‐Hong; Wey, Ming‐Yen; Chang, Shih-Hsien; Wang, Kai-Sung

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2008.06.003

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The defluidization did not occur throughout the 10 h when the test was operated at 750°C. This result is different from the findings reported in the literature, which are 2 h for combustion of rice straw and 1.3 h for combustion of wheat straw at 750°C in a bubbling fluidized bed (Lin et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2009). The comparison of the operating conditions in this study and other literature, concerning the combustion of rice straw and wheat straw, are summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…The comparison of the operating conditions in this study and other literature, concerning the combustion of rice straw and wheat straw, are summarized in Table 3. The fluidization number used in this study, which represents the extent of fluidization, is larger than the fluidization number of Lin et al (2009) and Liu et al (2009), and the defluidization time is proportional to the fluidization number. The long defluidization time, >10 h, obtained in this study can be attributed to the high superficial gas velocity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bed agglomeration characteristics of rice straw combustion in a vortexing fluidized-bed combustor

Duan

Chyang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bed agglomeration characteristics of rice straw combustion in a vortexing fluidized-bed combustor

Duan

Chyang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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“…Moreover, alkali metals, mineral matters, and metal elements may be a cause of increasing rate of aggregation. As the operating temperature exceeds the melting point of these compounds, they melt and flow over the surface of sand and other particles (Lin et al 2009). …”

Section: The Effect Of Moisture Content On Btex and Pah Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low-volatile metals (e.g., Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni) were presented in their metal oxide forms, which were mainly eutectic and intercepted in the bottom ash. The conversion of low-volatile metals from metal elements to metal oxide species reveals with the rates of fixation and immobility (Lin et al 2009;Lin and Peng 2012;Lin and Wey 2004b).…”

Section: The Effect Of Moisture Content On Btex and Pah Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media on pollutants emission under thermal treatment

Samaksaman

Kuo

Peng

et al. 2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Thermal treatment of soil polluted by lube oil and heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead) was carried out by using a laboratory-scale incinerator. The effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media was studied with different ratios of sand bed amount to soil feeding. Additionally, the effect of soil moisture content on incineration system was further investigated. The reduction in air input altered the mode of fluidized bed to fixed bed which resulted in an increase in organic pollutants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The combustion efficiency of fixed bed mode was observed to be relatively high at a lower ratio of sand bed amount to soil feeding, whereas high combustion efficiency was found in fluidized bed mode at a higher ratio of sand bed amount to soil feeding. Much higher concentration of organic pollutants in both gas phase and bottom ash is found under a higher soil moisture content. In addition, the increase in moisture content has resulted in an increase in lead, cadmium, and chromium in fly ash while copper was decreased. An important consideration is that the partitioning of heavy metals was randomly distributed in particle sizes of bottom ash. The highest concentration of heavy metals was deposited on fine-sized particle. The distribution of heavy metals in medium-sized and coarse-sized particles to form eutectic species might be produced by the soil-sand aggregation.

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“…Some of this silica is substituted by magnesium oxide, a common component of other bed materials like magnesite (MgCO 3 ) or dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) which improves agglomeration. Alkali earth metals such as Mg or Ca commonly reduces agglomeration [13] although sometimes they can promote it if the ratio Na/Mg or Na/Ca are high [49]. On the other hand, sepiolite presents a large surface area due its high porosity.…”

Section: Defluidization Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Defluidization and agglomeration of a fluidized bed reactor during Cynara cardunculus L. gasification using sepiolite as a bed material

Serrano

Sánchez-Delgado

Sobrino

et al. 2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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This work studies the defluidization time and the agglomerates generation in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BFB) reactor during Cynara Cardunculus L. gasification using, separately, two different bed materials, silica sand and sepiolite (Mg 8 Si 12 O 30 (OH) 4 (OH 2 ) 4 8H 2 ). The high adsorption capacity and the elemental composition of the sepiolite make it suitable as an alternative bed material in order to reduce agglomeration. Experiments were performed on a stainless steel lab-scale BFB reactor operating with air as gasifying agent at different air excess ratios (u/u mf ). A quartz reactor was alternatively used for the visualization of bed material and biomass during gasification, allowing to observe the agglomerate formation process. Pressure signals were analyzed both in time and frequency domain to determine the defluidization time.Furthermore, the shape and size of the bed material after the experiments were evaluated.Higher defluidization times in the case of sepiolite were measured. Particle sizes were affected by the type of bed material and the air excess and agglomerates of different shapes were formed for sepiolite and silica sand.

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Inhibition and promotion: The effect of earth alkali metals and operating temperature on particle agglomeration/defluidization during incineration in fluidized bed

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Bed agglomeration characteristics of rice straw combustion in a vortexing fluidized-bed combustor

Bed agglomeration characteristics of rice straw combustion in a vortexing fluidized-bed combustor

Effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media on pollutants emission under thermal treatment

Defluidization and agglomeration of a fluidized bed reactor during Cynara cardunculus L. gasification using sepiolite as a bed material

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