Inheritance of Wing Dimorphism in Pterostichus Anthracinus Ill

Lindroth, Carl H.

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1946.tb02769.x

Cited by 68 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…This phenomenon was observed again in Hawaii, when samples of T. obtusus taken after colonization of Maui in 1998 by this European species contained only macropterous individuals (Liebherr and Takumi 2002), but samples subsequently taken four years later at the same site contained 33% brachypterous individuals (Liebherr and Krushelnycky 2007). Wing polymorphism is determined by few genes in those carabid beetles studied, with a single gene determining wing development in the European Pterostichus anthracinus (Illiger) (Lindroth 1946) and P. melanarius (Illiger) (Aukema et al 1996). A somewhat more complex hereditary basis involving either two genes or three alleles of one gene is posited for Bembidion lampros (Herbst), where several different brachypterous forms complement the macropterous form (Langor and Larson 1983).…”

Section: Mecyclothorax and Flight Wing Lossmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel

Liebherr¹

2018

DEZ

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The 15 species of Mecyclothorax Sharp precinctive to New Caledonia are revised and shown by cladistic analysis to comprise a monophyletic lineage, here treated as subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel. The New Caledonian species of subgenus Phacothorax include Mecyclothorax fleutiauxi (Jeannel), M. najtae Deuve, and 13 newly described species: M. jeanneli sp. n., M. laterobustus sp. n., M. laterorectus sp. n., M. laterosinuatus sp. n., M. laterovatulus sp. n., M. manautei sp. n., M. megalovatulus sp. n., M. octavius sp. n., M. paniensis sp. n., M. picdupinsensis sp. n., M. plurisetosus sp. n., and two jointly authored species; M. kanak Moore & Liebherr sp. n., and M. mouensis Moore & Liebherr sp. n.. Subgenus Phacothorax is one of five subgenera recognized within genus Mecyclothorax based on cladistic analysis of 65 exemplar taxa utilizing information from 137 morphological characters. The four other monophyletic subgenera include the precinctive Australian Eucyclothorax subgen. n. (type species Mecyclothorax blackburni [Sloane]), the precinctive Queensland Qecyclothorax subgen. n. (type species Mecyclothorax storeyi Moore), the precinctive New Zealand Meonochilus Liebherr & Marris status n., and the geographically widespread and very diverse nominate subgenus, distributed from St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands, eastward across Australia and New Guinea, and in the Sundas, Timor Leste, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, New Zealand, and the Society and Hawaiian Islands. The biogeographic history of Mecyclothorax can be derived from the parsimony cladogram time-calibrated by times of origin of particular geographic areas inhabited by resident representative species. Based on sister-group status of subgenus Phacothorax and subgenus Mecyclothorax, and occupation of Lord Howe Island-an island originating no earlier than 6 Ma-by the earliest divergent lineage within subgenus Mecyclothorax, the ancestor of present-day Phacothorax spp. is hypothesized to have colonized New Caledonia 6 Ma, subsequent both to Cretaceous Gondwanan vicariance as well as any Oligocene submergence. Area relationships among the New Caledonian Phacothorax point to earliest diversification incorporating the northern massifs, and most recent diversification on the ultramafic volcanic substrates in the south of Grand Terre. Flight wing loss has played an important role in shaping the various island faunas, both in their morphology as well as their diversity. The retention of flight capability in only a few of the many hundred Mecyclothorax spp. is presented in light of how populations evolve from macropterous colonizing propagules to vestigially winged specialists. Interspecific differences in genitalic structures for the sister-species pair M. fleutiauxi + M. jeanneli are shown to involve functional complementarity of male and female structures. Extensive geographic variation of male genitalia is demonstrated for several New Caledonian Mecyclothorax spp. This variation deviates from the geographically uniform male genitalia exhibited by species in the hy...

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Section: Mecyclothorax and Flight Wing Lossmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel

Liebherr¹

2018

DEZ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…His study included biometric analysis of more than 300 species of carabid beetle indigenous to Belgium, and revealed that species associated with temporal habitats tended to have high dispersal power in terms of wing-length and possession of functional fl ight muscles. Desender (1989b) did not however succeed in demonstrating any selective advantages of reduced wing development, though he concurred with the suggestion of Lindroth (1945Lindroth ( , 1946Lindroth ( , 1949) that these traits were often characteristic of old, stable populations.…”

Section: Wing Morphology In Carabid Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In breeding studies, Lindroth performed crosses between different combinations of brachypterous and macropterous individuals of the dimorphic Pterostichus anthracinus (Panzer, 1795) and demonstrated that inheritance of wing morphology in that species follows a Mendelian pattern of inheritance, with the gene for macroptery being recessive. Thus the macropterous individuals were homozygous recessive and brachypterous individuals were heterozygous or homozygous dominant (Lindroth, 1946). Darlington (1943) proposed a simple mechanism for the spread of brachyptery in a population, whereby after Jackson (1933) reported that many beetle species, particularly in the families Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae, possess fully developed wings but non-functional fl ight muscles and it has been suggested (Darlington, 1943;Thiele, 1977), and confi rmed (Tietze, 1963), that the same is also true of many carabid species.…”

Section: The Inheritance Of Wing Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led Den Boer (1970) to suggest that "populations of species facing a high risk of extinction generally will have a suffi cient chance of founding populations (high turnover) when investing extensively in dispersal". In addition to Den Boer (1970) and Lindroth (1946Lindroth ( , 1953Lindroth ( , 1992, also Kataev (2001) reports that there are generally high proportions of macropterous individuals in the populations of wing-dimorphic species at the edge of their distributional range, whereas brachypterous individuals tend to be more prevalent in more central parts of their distributional range. This principle was the basis for Lindroth's (1949Lindroth's ( , 1992 reconstruction of the routes of post-glacial recolonization of Fennoscandia by carabid beetles.…”

Section: Flight Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A proportion of these macropterous individuals will be able to disperse and possibly establish new populations. However, study of the genetics of the wing-dimorphic species Pterostichus anthracinus by Lindroth (1946) had shown that macropterous individuals are homozygous. Therefore a mechanism had to be proposed to account for the arrival of the allele for brachyptery in the population.…”

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

To fly or not to fly: Factors influencing the flight capacity of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Venn¹

2016

Eur. J. Entomol.

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The structure and development of flightless coleoptera: A light and electron microscopic study of the wings, thoracic exoskeleton and rudimentary flight musculature

Smith

1964

Journal of Morphology

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It is a striking fact that the majority of insect orders include members that exhibit reduction or loss of wings in the adult.The flight musculature of the typical winged insect is housed in the meso-and metathoracic segments; sometimes (e.g. Diptera) the former, and at other times the latter (e.g. Coleoptera) assumes prime importance in this respect, while among the less specialized orders such as the Odonata and Orthoptera the labor involved in flight is evenly divided between the two. The wing-bearing segments of an insect have been modified more or less extensively to accommodate the flight muscles and to meet the mechanical requirements imposed by flight. In an insect that displays wing reduction or loss it is to be expected that a parallel modification of the flight muscles and their attachments should OCcur, and the work described here is in part concerned with this phenomenon in the Coleopter a.Loss of flight and wing reduction is very widespread among the beetles. Nevertheless, while an extensive literature is available on the anatomy of the reduced wings, information on the concomitant modifications undergone by other parts of the body of such insects, and notably by the flight musculature, is very scarce and incomplete, and the present work serves as a contribution to the developmental aspects of this modification.It will be demonstrated that wing reduction cannot normally be the initial factor causing inability to fly. It is well known to all who have collected beetles in the field that many species, though winged, are never seen in flight; among the Carabidae, J. MORPH., 114: 107-184.for example, few species are seen on the wing when many phytophagous species are flying actively. Lindroth ('49) in his extensive work on the Fennoscandian carabids investigated the wing condition and flight performance of each. Of 362 species examined, he found that 177 had been seen in flight though in the case of 47 of these, only outside this geographical area. A further 86 fully winged species were never observed to fly; 50 were flightless and showed wing dimorphism (some individuals being macropterous and others of the same species having reduced wings), and 49 species were exclusively shortwinged or brachypterous. Despite this well documented evidence of variation in flight ability, little detailed information is available on the condition of the flight muscles of fully winged or brachypterous flightless species.Dimorphic species greatly exceed in number those exhibiting all grades of wing reduction, and this fact, together with the observed constancy in the structure of the wing vestiges in different individuals of brachypterous species, points to a genetic stability underlying the modifications accompanying loss of flight. Jackson ('28) concluded that brachyptery in Sitona hispidula behaves as a simple dominant with respect to macroptery, and Lindroth ('46) found a similar mechanism operating in Pterostichus anthracinus. The extent to which the wings and exoskeletal features of the metathorax deviate from the ...

show abstract

Inheritance of Wing Dimorphism in Pterostichus Anthracinus Ill

Cited by 68 publications

References 1 publication

Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel

Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel

To fly or not to fly: Factors influencing the flight capacity of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

The structure and development of flightless coleoptera: A light and electron microscopic study of the wings, thoracic exoskeleton and rudimentary flight musculature

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