Inheritance of Sparkling Scales (Ginrin) Trait in Ornamental Koi Carp

Gomelsky, Boris; Delomas, Thomas A.; Schneider, Kyle J.; Anil, Ammu; Warner, J. L.

doi:10.1080/15222055.2015.1029174

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…The study showed that the higher reflectance observed in the Gin rin originated from (a) a higher density of iridophore cells in the skin, (b) a thicker layer of iridophore layers, (c) more crystal stacks inside each iridophore, and (d) the crystal stacks are better aligned with the scale surface. [43] An interesting variant has been reported in which the platey guanine crystals within a stack have alternating orientations of their optic axes to produce a non-polarizing broadband reflector. [35] A recent study found that this inherited trait of higher reflectance in the Koi fish is due to a dominant mutation of a single gene.…”

Section: Broadband Reflectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Manipulation by Guanine Crystals in Organisms: Biogenic Scatterers, Mirrors, Multilayer Reflectors and Photonic Crystals

Gur

Palmer

Weiner

2016

Adv Funct Materials

145

197

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Guanine crystals are widely used in nature to manipulate light. The first part of this feature article explores how organisms are able to construct an extraordinary array of optical "devices" including diffuse scatterers, broadband and narrowband reflectors, tunable photonic crystals, and imageforming mirrors by varying the size, morphology, and arrangement of guanine crystals. The second part presents an overview of some of the properties of crystalline guanine to explain why this material is ideally suited for such optical applications. The high reflectivity of many natural optical systems ultimately derives from the fact that guanine crystals have an extremely high refractive index-a product of its anisotropic crystal structure comprised of densely stacked H-bonded layers. In order to optimize their reflectivity, many organisms exert exquisite control over the crystal morphology, forming platelike single crystals in which the high refractive index face is preferentially expressed. Guanine-based optics are used in a wide range of biological functions such as in camouflage, display, and vision, and exhibit a degree of versatility, tunability, and complexity that is difficult to incorporate into artificial devices using conventional engineering approaches. These biological systems could inspire the next generation of advanced optical materials. Figure 2. Examples of guanine crystal-based optical systems with different functionality, and their corresponding architecture. a-c) The white widow spider (Latrodectus pallidus):The integument of the spider (a) is white due to coherent scattering from a thick dense layer of blocky guanine crystals ≈1 µm in size (b), located beneath the integument. Impinging light is scattered multiple times from neighboring randomly distributed crystals (c) before emerging. d-f) The Japanese Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio). The silvery reflection of the fish (d) arises from disordered multilayer reflectors located in the epithelial layer underneath the scales of the fish (e). The thin (≈20 nm) plate-like guanine crystals are not all parallel to each other, but there is local order within each crystal stack. f) The cytoplasm spacings are widely distributed. Constructive interference of different wavelengths reflected from individual stacks results in diffuse broadband reflection, appearing silvery to the human eye (d, inset). g-i) The neon tetra fish (Paracheirodon innesi): The brilliant blue color of the lateral stripe of the neon tetra (g) arises from ordered, well aligned multilayer reflectors (h,i) with narrow distribution of thicknesses of both the thin guanine crystals (≈22 nm) and the thicker cytoplasm spacings (≈155 nm). Constructive interference of selected wavelengths reflected from individual stacks results in narrow band reflection centered at 500 nm (g, inset). j-l) The panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis): The observed skin color of the panther chameleon (j) originates from a combination of both pigments and guanine-based 3D photonic crystals. Light is reflected from small ≈130 n...

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Section: Broadband Reflectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Manipulation by Guanine Crystals in Organisms: Biogenic Scatterers, Mirrors, Multilayer Reflectors and Photonic Crystals

Gur

Palmer

Weiner

2016

Adv Funct Materials

145

197

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Bisexual Fertile Triploid Zebrafish (Danio rerio): a Rare Case

Peng

et al. 2020

Mar Biotechnol

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Previous studies have suggested that artificially induced triploid zebrafish are exclusively male-biased. Owing to greatly inhibited gonadal development for the artificially induced triploid fish, they are regarded to be sterile in general. In this article, partially fertile bisexual triploid zebrafish are produced by suppressing extrusion of the second polar body by heat shock. Histological observation confirms that the early gonadal development of these triploid zebrafish is normal. Backcrossing and self-crossing are used to demonstrate that both the female and male triploid zebrafish have partial reproductive ability. Their dynamic of chromosomes during meiosis is revealed from the chromosome preparations of gonads. Examination of the expressed gonadal development-related genes shows some molecular evidence of the normal gonadal development in the triploid zebrafish. Clearly, these fertile bisexual triploid zebrafish can provide a unique system to study sex determination, as well as aneuploidy associated human diseases such as infertility and pregnancy loss.

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Meiotic chromosome configurations in triploid progeny from reciprocal crosses between wild-type diploid and natural tetraploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in China

Gao

et al. 2015

Genetica

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Here, we showed meiotic chromosome configurations prepared from oocyte germinal vesicles and spermatocytes of triploid loaches produced from reciprocal crosses between wild-type diploids (2n = 50) obtained from Dalian, Liaoning Province, China and natural tetraploids (4n = 100) from Chibi, Hubei Province, China. Major meiotic cells in triploids comprised 25 bivalents and 25 univalents, but cells with one to five trivalents were also observed. When three homologous chromosomes bearing nucleolar organizing regions (NOR) were identified with the detection of signals or positive sites by silver staining, chromomycin A 3 staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization with a 5.8S ? 28S rDNA probe, two third of selected triploid cells gave a configuration including one bivalent with two NORs (association of two homologous chromosomes) and one univalent with one NOR. However, other triploid cells showed three univalent each of which had one NOR, suggesting a failure of synapsis between homologous chromosomes. These results suggested that triploid female and male should produce aneuploid gametes with the theoretical mode at 1.5n (37 or 38 chromosomes).

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Inheritance of Sparkling Scales (Ginrin) Trait in Ornamental Koi Carp

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Light Manipulation by Guanine Crystals in Organisms: Biogenic Scatterers, Mirrors, Multilayer Reflectors and Photonic Crystals

Light Manipulation by Guanine Crystals in Organisms: Biogenic Scatterers, Mirrors, Multilayer Reflectors and Photonic Crystals

Bisexual Fertile Triploid Zebrafish (Danio rerio): a Rare Case

Meiotic chromosome configurations in triploid progeny from reciprocal crosses between wild-type diploid and natural tetraploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in China

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