Inheritance of an oviposition behavior by an egg parasitoid

Olson, D. G.; Andow, David A.

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800076

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez, smaller females that developed at higher temperature showed a longer patch residence time than larger females (Le Lann 2009). In Trichogramma nubilale Ertle & Davis phenotypic plasticity was found for both percentage parasitism of European corn borer masses and secondary sex ratios (Olson & Andow 2002).…”

Section: Phenotypic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will see later which factors infl uence host quality and therefore the expressed phenotype of the adult parasitoid. Such phenotypic plasticity has been demonstrated in several species of egg parasitoids (Olson & Andow 2002) and we expect the fi tness of egg parasitoids to be strongly infl uenced by the factors acting on the phenotypic plasticity.…”

Section: Phenotypic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic plasticity and fitness in egg parasitoids

Boivin¹

2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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-Several proxies can be used to estimate the fi tness of egg parasitoids: size, longevity, fecundity, mating ability and vagility. All these proxies are positively correlated with the lifetime fi tness gain of an individual. However, the phenotypic plasticity, which is the ability of a genotype to produce distinct phenotypes depending on environmental conditions, may alter the value of these proxies. Host related factors (host species and quality), competition and duration of development will infl uence the proxies expressed by a given phenotype. When the phenotype is modifi ed by the temperature at which an individual develops, the resulting phenotype will vary based on the life history strategy of the parasitoid. While in koinobiont species an increase in size is positively correlated with longevity and fecundity, the reverse occurs with idiobiont parasitoids. Using size as a proxy could thus be misleading depending on the factors that infl uence the size of the adult.KEY WORDS: Fitness, proxy, reproduction, longevity, phenotype Most optimality models are based on the assumption that organisms optimize some physiological or behavioral characteristics in order to maximize their lifetime fi tness (Stephens & Krebs 1986). Fitness, defi ned here as the success of an individual in passing on copies of its genes to future generations (Bolhuis & Giraldeau 2005), is therefore used as a measure of success and any change in the morphology, physiology or behavior of an animal that increases its lifetime fi tness is expected to be positively selected. This concept is central in behavioral ecology and both direct fi tness and inclusive fi tness are recognized. Direct fi tness refers to the fi tness gained by an individual through the production of its own offspring while inclusive fi tness refers to the sum of the direct fi tness plus the indirect fi tness gained by the reproduction of nondescendant relatives (Krebs & Davies 1997).Insect parasitoids are good organisms to test hypothesis in behavioral ecology as the expression of behaviors associated with host localization and parasitization are directly linked to a gain in fi tness. Indeed, fi nding and successfully parasitizing a host results in additional progeny and therefore in an increase in fi tness (Godfray 1994). Another research area where measures of fi tness are used for parasitoids is applied ecology and in particular biological control (Roitberg et al 2001). When comparing different species or genotypes within a species for their potential in biological control programs, measures of fi tness can be used to assess their capacity to multiply and control a targeted pest.However, measuring directly fi tness is a diffi cult and timeconsuming process. One would have to measure the relative performance of genotypes and quantify their representation in a population over several generations (Hoffman 1994). In general, proxies that give absolute values, such as size, longevity, fecundity etc., are used to approximate the fi tness of an individual. The different...

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Section: Phenotypic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenotypic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity and fitness in egg parasitoids

Boivin¹

2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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“…Thus, the evolution of foraging behavior may depend strongly on the mechanistic details of foraging behavior and how they interact via maternal effects. In our work on T. nubilale, we have observed many significant maternal effects (Olson and Andow 2002), and we suggest that these effects may have profound implications for understanding the evolution of foraging behaviors. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Host encounters are best measured by the number of egg masses parasitized rather than the number of eggs parasitized. The number of eggs parasitized per egg mass has complex determinants in the species (Olson and Andow 2002), many of which are unrelated to the searching process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of host finding ability on structurally complex surfaces

Andow

Olson

2003

Oecologia

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The connectivity of a surface (structural complexity) can have a significant effect on the host finding behavior and efficiency of parasitoids that must search the surface for hosts. We investigated whether the generalist egg parasitoid, Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), found hosts more efficiently on simple or complex surfaces, and evaluated the potential genetic basis of this variation using a full-sib/ half-sib mating design. Of the egg masses parasitized 63.8% were on the simple surface while only 36.2% were on the complex surface. There was significant repeatable variation among females (repeatability =0.59, n=19 females), with some better at finding hosts on simple surfaces and others better on complex surfaces. These results reinforce previous findings that structural complexity can affect host finding by parasitoids. The additive genetic variance in this character was not significant (sires =23, dams =46, progeny =92), but the maternal plus dominance variance ( V(m)+1/2 V(d)) was significant (P<0.036), and accounted for 48.8% of the total phenotypic variance. The maternal or dominance effects could have complex evolutionary consequences, causing the evolution of other foraging traits to be retarded, to overshoot their optima, or to have complex selective regimes. Thus, the evolution of foraging behavior may depend strongly on the mechanistic details of foraging behavior, including the effects of structural complexity on host finding.

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“…However, host acceptance by the parasitoid Hyssopus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) declined when reared on an artificial diet, but was restored by rearing on the natural host, suggesting that any genetic changes were insignificant (Gandolfi et al 2003). Few have studied the genetic basis of parasitoid behavior (Beukeboom and van den Assem 2001;Olson and Andow 2002;Wang et al 2003; Shuker et al 2007). Populations of a parasitoid species with significantly different courtship acoustic signal patterns could be used to investigate the genetic basis of the inheritance of song characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of continuous rearing on courtship acoustics of five braconid parasitoids, candidates for augmentative biological control of Anastrepha species

Joyce

Aluja

Sivinski³

et al. 2010

BioControl

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The courtship acoustics of five species of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), potential candidates for augmentative biological control of Anastrepha (Schiner) species (Diptera: Tephritidae), were compared between recently colonized individuals and those continuously reared 70-148 generations. During courtship, males of these parasitoid species fan their wings and produce a series of low amplitude pulses. The first series of 15 or more continuous courtship pulses was used to measure the pulse duration, frequency, and interpulse interval (IPI) from the beginning, middle, and end of the pulse series. Each parameter was compared between young and old colonies, and among species. Several differences in courtship acoustics were detected in colonies that had been continuously reared. The pulse duration at the end of the pulse series was longer in old colonies for Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), but shorter for old colonies of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The IPI of the middle pulse was shorter in old colonies of Opius hirtus (Fischer) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and was also shorter at the last pulse for old colonies of both Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and D. longicaudata. The duration of the middle pulse distinguished the three native species, and separated the two introduced species from each other. We discuss our findings in light of their biological and applied implications, particularly those dealing with quality control of massreared parasitoids.

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Inheritance of an oviposition behavior by an egg parasitoid

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Phenotypic plasticity and fitness in egg parasitoids

Phenotypic plasticity and fitness in egg parasitoids

Inheritance of host finding ability on structurally complex surfaces

Effect of continuous rearing on courtship acoustics of five braconid parasitoids, candidates for augmentative biological control of Anastrepha species

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