Inhalation and deposition of spherical and pollen particles after middle turbinate resection in a human nasal cavity

Inthavong, Kiao; Shang, Yidan; Gaudio, John M. Del; Wise, Sarah K.; Edwards, Thomas S.; Bradshaw, Kimberley; Wong, Eugene; Smith, M. J.; Singh, Narinder

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2021.103769

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Fungal hyphae can be found on sinonasal aspirate smears in the sinuses of AFRS patients under microscopes [38]. Inthavong K et al found that both spherical and nonspherical pollens could be deposited in the nasal sinuses by simulating pollen deposition in the nasal cavity at 5 L/min and 15 L/min inspiratory flow rates; with an increase in the inspiratory flow rate, the deposition rate of pollen in the nasal sinuses and nasal cavity increased, and the deposition position in the nasal cavity moved forward [39]. Using CFD simulation of 60 nasal chambers of healthy subjects, our study also found that although the deposition rate of A. niger spores in the nasal cavity was relatively small, a varied number of spores could be found in the maxillary sinuses of all models (0.30-0.45%), providing potential nasal aerodynamic evidence for the occurrence of AFRS in the maxillary sinuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Aspergillus Niger Spore Deposition in Nasal Cavities of a Population in Northwest China

et al. 2022

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Background: As common pathogens in the human respiratory tract, fungal-spore-related health risks have been challenging to evaluate properly. This paper presents numerical simulations of particle deposition of Aspergillus niger spores in human nasal cavities. Methods: 30 healthy adults (including 60 nasal chambers) who lived in northwest China were recruited to conduct a nasal cavity numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics–discrete phase model (CFD-DPM). The deposition rate in each anatomic area and its influencing variables, such as body position and respiratory flow rate, were analyzed. Results: (1) Under a resting condition, only about 5.57% ± 1.51% Aspergillus niger spores were deposited in the nasal cavity, while most of them escaped from the nasopharynx, and 0.31% ± 0.20% spores entered the maxillary sinus; (2) under an exercising condition, spores deposited in the nasal cavity were about 2.09 times as many as that in the resting state; (3) in a lying position, the A. niger spores deposited evenly on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and the sinus when compared with a standing position. However, the deposition rate in each anatomic area did not change significantly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Aspergillus Niger Spore Deposition in Nasal Cavities of a Population in Northwest China

et al. 2022

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“…The effect of the nozzle diameter (the diameter of injection of particles at the inlet) on the aerosol deposition and transport pattern was also studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. CFD is an advantageous noninvasive tool to study the airflow behaviour and particle transport pattern in the upper and lower airways (Inthavong et al 2021 ; Islam et al 2021 ; Rahman et al 2021 ; Salati et al 2021 ; Singh et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of inlet flow profile and nozzle diameter on drug delivery to the maxillary sinus

Pourmehran

Cazzolato

Tian

et al. 2022

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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In this paper, the effect of the turbulence and swirling of the inlet flow and the diameter of the nozzle on the flow characteristics and the particles' transport/deposition patterns in a realistic combination of the nasal cavity (NC) and the maxillary sinus (MS) were examined. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed in ANSYS® Fluent using a hybrid Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes–large-eddy simulation algorithm. For the validation of the CFD model, the pressure distribution in the NC was compared with the experimental data available in the literature. An Eulerian–Lagrangian approach was employed for the prediction of the particle trajectories using a discrete phase model. Different inlet flow conditions were investigated, with turbulence intensities of 0.15 and 0.3, and swirl numbers of 0.6 and 0.9 applied to the inlet flow at a flow rate of 7 L/min. Monodispersed particles with a diameter of 5 µm were released into the nostril for various nozzle diameters. The results demonstrate that the nasal valve plays a key role in nasal resistance, which damps the turbulence and swirl intensities of the inlet flow. Moreover, it was found that the effect of turbulence at the inlet of the NC on drug delivery to the MS is negligible. It was also demonstrated that increasing the flow swirl at the inlet and decreasing the nozzle diameter improves the total particle deposition more than threefold due to the generation of the centrifugal force, which acts on the particles in the nostril and vestibule. The results also suggest that the drug delivery efficiency to the MS can be increased by using a swirling flow with a moderate swirl number of 0.6. It was found that decreasing the nozzle diameter can increase drug delivery to the proximity of the ostium in the middle meatus by more than 45%, which subsequently increases the drug delivery to the MS. The results can help engineers design a nebulizer to improve the efficiency of drug delivery to the maxillary sinuses.

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“…At the same time, indoor air quality can significantly affect human health and comfort, because air is vital to humans. Many previous studies have investigated inhalation‐related health risks, using numerical analysis techniques and computational modeling of the human respiratory tract and the breathing process 14–20 . Moreover, many studies have focused on the integrated analysis (combining indoor spaces and the respiratory tract) and its application to indoor environmental design 12,21,22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation, verification, and quality control of computational fluid dynamics analysis for indoor environments using a computer‐simulated person with respiratory tract

Yoo

Ito

2022

Japan Architectural Review

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Computer-simulated persons (CSPs) with respiratory systems have been developed for microclimate analysis around the human body and inhalation exposure analysis, for detailed assessment of comfort and health risks in indoor spaces. This study examined and validated the prediction accuracy of a CSP, for precise estimation of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The flow-field prediction accuracy was thoroughly examined in a grid analysis using the CSP and a thermal manikin for benchmarking. The model incorporated unsteady breathing and human postural sway, and assessed their impact on the microclimate around the human body. The numerically estimated flow field was validated using experimental particle image velocimetry (PIV) data, with a detailed grid independence test. Considering the practical use of the respiratory tract model for the inhalation exposure risk assessment, the prediction accuracy of particle transport and deposition analysis was examined using previously published in vivo experimental results. This analysis revealed that the impact of transient breathing and body vibrations on the reproduction of the thermal plume around the human body is quite weak; consequently, these conditions can be ignored from the macroscopic perspective of indoor airflow analysis.

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Inhalation and deposition of spherical and pollen particles after middle turbinate resection in a human nasal cavity

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Numerical Simulation of Aspergillus Niger Spore Deposition in Nasal Cavities of a Population in Northwest China

Numerical Simulation of Aspergillus Niger Spore Deposition in Nasal Cavities of a Population in Northwest China

The effect of inlet flow profile and nozzle diameter on drug delivery to the maxillary sinus

Validation, verification, and quality control of computational fluid dynamics analysis for indoor environments using a computer‐simulated person with respiratory tract

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