Inhalable Particulate Matter Burden in Selected Day-Care Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract:The indoor air quality in day-care centres may influence the occurrence of infectious diseases and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and other international agencies have considered particulate matter as an indicator of impact of air pollution on human health yet information on this from childcare centres is poorly documented in developing countries. This study therefore was designed to assess the particulate matter concentration (PM₁₀) in selected day-care centres (DCCs) in Ibadan, South western Nigeria. The study was descriptive cross sectional. PM 10 load was determined 3 days a week for 16 weeks spanning the late wet season and early dry season periods from 10 locations of the selected DCCs using a digital PM counter model Met one. The ratio of indoor/outdoor PM₁₀was computed. Results obtained throughout the monitoring period for all the locations were averaged and compared with WHO PM₁₀ guideline limit of 50µg/m³.Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 5% level of significance. Mean indoor PM₁₀ readings for wet season (73.4 ± 54.4µg/m³) and dry season (296.3 ± 61.6µg/m³)significantly exceeded guideline limit (P<0.05).The indoor/outdoor PM₁₀ ratio was 1.38 ± 0.97 and being greater than 1 indicated a possible indoor source of pollution. High particulate matter concentration observed is indicative of the poor indoor air quality condition in the day care centres. Government policies on routine air quality monitoring and stringent enforcement of environmental sanitation in day care centres are advocated.

Indoor Airborne Microbial Load of Selected Offices in a Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria

“…This study also found that the predominant bacteria species observed in the indoor environment of offices were grampositive bacteria such as Micrococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp and Bacillus spp. This corroborates the findings of Ana et al, [21] on indoor airborne microbial burden and risk of acute respiratory infections among under five children in Ibadan, Nigeria. A similar study carried out by Yassin et al, [22] found that most of the bacterial isolated from the indoor and outdoor environments were grampositive bacterial.…”

Indoor air quality in day-care centres: a global review

“…The highest value was recorded in the dry season and exceeded WHO guidelines. Ana and Umar ( 2013 ) Africa (Nigeria) NO 2 , SO 2 , CO and PM 10 0–2 years Portable air monitors (Multi-Gas Analyzer MRU-Model 2002) 6 preschools The results showed NO 2 > 88 μg/m 3 , SO 2 > 50 μg/m 3 and PM 10 > 70 μg/m 3 , especially in industrial sites with high concentrations for short periods. CO annual averages were 1.3 to 1.83 μg/m 3 .…”

PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; Emissions from Cooking Fuels in Nigerian Households and Their Impact on Women and Children

“…The difference in particulate matter concentration was statistically significant between users of firewood and users of other cooking fuels (P < 0.005). The highest mean PM 10 concentrations in the outdoor air were found to be 502.3 ± 39.9 μg/m 3 , while the lowest recorded values were 220.6 ± 69.9 μg/m 3 which were higher (p < 0.05), than WHO limit of 50 μg/m 3 [15] [23]. In another study by Ana et al [24] burning solid wastes rich in paper near schools contributed to release of particulate matter in the air.…”

“…Outdoor air pollution has been linked to 3.7 million deaths [9]. A study in Ibadan [10], reported an indoor air quality of daycare centres, with mean PM₁₀ readings of 73.4 ± 54.4 μg/m 3 and 296.3 ± 61.6 μg/m for the wet and dry season, respectively. These exceeded the guideline limit of a 50 μg/m 3 .…”

“…Another study in Korea reported mean CO 2 levels from selected Korean restaurants where gas stoves were used for food cooking, with an exceeded range of 40% to 60% compared to places where other fuels were used. Average levels of PM 10 and PM 2.5 at the Korean barbecue style restaurant has been showed to be as high as 1442 and 1167 μg/m 3 , respectively [11]. The profile of indoor air quality (IAQ), using dried yak dung as biofuel at eight residential homes in Tibet with altitudes of 3212 m to 4788 m showed that combustion of solid biomass fuel in a cast-iron stove was the major source of indoor particulate pollution [12].…”