Ingredients for a Dutch radon action plan, based on a national survey in more than 2500 dwellings

Smetsers, R.C.G.M.; Blaauboer, R.O.; Dekkers, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.09.008

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The median radon concentration in Galicia is also significantly higher than that observed in the Austrian radon project (61 Bq m −3 ) [25]. Other countries such as Netherlands or Turkey observed radon concentrations lower than those observed in Galicia [26,27]. These results show that Galicia is among the most radonprone areas of Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Some indoor radon maps, including those already in existence in Spain, have included only indoor measurements in ground and first floors [16]. Nevertheless, other indoor radon maps have also included radon measurements in multi-story buildings, such as the update of the new Dutch radon map [26]. The inclusion of dwellings different from ground and first floors provides a better characterization of the percentage of the population exposed to high radon levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residential radon in Galicia: a cross-sectional study in a radon-prone area

et al. 2017

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Residential radon exposure is a major public health problem. It is the second greatest cause of lung cancer, after smoking, and the greatest in never-smokers. This study shows the indoor radon exposure distribution in Galicia and estimates the percentage of dwellings exceeding reference levels. It is based on 3245 residential radon measurements obtained from the Galician Radon Map project and from controls of two previous case-control studies on residential radon and lung cancer. Results show a high median residential radon concentration in Galicia (99 Bq m), with 49.3% of dwellings having a radon concentration above 100 Bq m and 11.1% having a concentration above 300 Bq m. Ourense and Pontevedra, located in South Galicia, are the provinces with the highest median indoor radon concentrations (137 Bq m and 123.5 Bq m, respectively). Results also show lower radon levels in progressively higher building storeys. These high residential radon concentrations confirm Galicia as a radon-prone area. A policy on radon should be developed and implemented in Galicia to minimize the residential radon exposure of the population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential radon in Galicia: a cross-sectional study in a radon-prone area

et al. 2017

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“…Some indoor radon maps include only street level and first floor measurements [53]. Nevertheless, others include samples taken from buildings with different stories, such as the update of the Dutch radon map [54]. Incorporating homes different from ground floor and first floor level could result in lower concentration levels, but we consider that it allows for a better characterization of the percentages of population exposed to high radon levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Radon in Manizales, Colombia: Results of a Pilot Study

Giraldo-Osorio

Ruano-Raviña

Pérez-Ríos

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Radon is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless noble gas, causally related with the onset of lung cancer. We aimed to describe the distribution of radon exposure in the municipality of Manizales, Colombia, in order to estimate the population’s exposure and establish the percentage of dwellings that surpass reference levels. A cross-sectional study representing all geographical areas was carried out by measuring indoor radon concentrations. Participants answered a short questionnaire. Alpha-track type radon detectors were installed in all residences for six months. The detectors were subsequently processed at the Galician Radon Laboratory, an accredited laboratory at the University of Santiago de Compostela. A total of 202 homes were measured. Seventy-seven percent of the sampled houses were three stories high, their median age was 30 years, and half were inhabited by three people or fewer. For most dwellings, the building materials of walls and flooring were brick and covered cement, respectively. Results showed a geometric mean of radon concentration of 8.5 Bq/m3 and a maximum value of 50 Bq/m3. No statistically significant differences were found either between the geometric mean of the dwelling’s site, the height at which detectors were placed inside the home, or the wall and flooring materials, or between mean 222Rn concentrations in rural and urban areas. No dwelling surpassed the 222Rn reference level established by the WHO. This study shows that residential radon levels in Manizales, Colombia, seem to be low, though a more in-depth approach should be carried out. Despite these results, it is essential to create a national radon program and establish a radon concentration reference level for Colombia in line with international recommendations.

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“…Many countries have reported the results of the nationwide indoor radon survey (McLaughlin and Wasiolek 1988, Langroo et al 1991, Marcinowski 1992, Bochicchio et al 1996, Friedmann 2005, Ivanova et al 2013, Smetsers et al 2016, Dowdall et al 2017. In Japan, three different groups have conducted nationwide indoor radon surveys using passive radon monitors, the results of which are summarised in table 9.…”

Section: Indoor Radon Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese population dose from natural radiation

et al. 2020

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The radiation doses from natural radiation sources in Japan are reviewed using the latest knowledge. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and the Nuclear Safety Research Association report the annual effective doses from cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, inhalation, and ingestion as natural sources. In this paper, the total annual effective dose from cosmic-ray exposure is evaluated as 0.29 mSv. The arithmetic mean of the annual effective dose from external exposure to terrestrial radiation is 0.33 mSv for the Japanese population using the data of nationwide surveys by the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Previously in Japan, although three different groups have conducted nationwide indoor radon surveys using passive-type radon monitors, to date only the Japan Chemical Analysis Center (JCAC) has performed a nationwide radon survey using a unified method for radon measurements conducted indoor, outdoor, and in the workplace. Consequently, the JCAC results are used for the annual effective dose from radon and that for radon inhalation is estimated as 0.50 mSv using a current dose conversion factor. In this paper, UNSCEAR values are used for the mean indoor and outdoor thoron-progeny concentrations, and the annual effective dose from thoron is reported as 0.09 mSv. Thus, the annual effective dose from radon and thoron inhalation is 0.59 mSv. From a JCAC large-scale survey of foodstuffs, the committed effective dose from the main radionuclides in dietary intake is 0.99 mSv. Finally, the Japanese population dose from natural radiation is given as 2.2 mSv, which is similar to the reported global average of 2.4 mSv.

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Ingredients for a Dutch radon action plan, based on a national survey in more than 2500 dwellings

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Residential radon in Galicia: a cross-sectional study in a radon-prone area

Residential radon in Galicia: a cross-sectional study in a radon-prone area

Residential Radon in Manizales, Colombia: Results of a Pilot Study

Japanese population dose from natural radiation

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