Infrastructure and Poverty in Viet Nam

Abstract

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Research on Payne effect of natural rubber reinforced by graft‐modified silica

“…For the Payne effect, Payne himself explained that the Payne effect was due to the destruction of the physical interaction between the fillers. 9 Many studies had evolved the view of Payne and presented various filler network models, such as Kraus model, 10 VTG model, 11 NJ model 12 and so on. Moreover, Cassagnau 13 and Sternstein 14 indicated that the disentanglement of polymer molecular chain was connected with Payne effect.…”

Carbon Black Networking in Elastomers Monitored by Dynamic Mechanical and Dielectric Spectroscopy

“…However, the Kraus model could not explain the characteristic asymmetries of the loss modulus G 00 at low and high strains g, since this model predicts a symmetric behavior G 00 $g AEm at low and high strains, respectively. Recently, van de Walle et al [8] modeled dynamic properties of filler reinforced elastomers by introducing a phenomenological weighting function for the number and strength of links between filler particles in a filler network. The strain dependence of this weighting function is used as a measure of the surviving inter-particle contacts during cyclic loading.…”

The Impacts of Infrastructure in Development: A Selective Survey

“…Such studies include: Datt and Ravallion (1998) on statelevel poverty in India; Van de Walle (1996) on the poverty reduction effect of irrigation infrastructure in Viet Nam; Jalan and Ravallion (2003) on the water supply system; Yemtsov (2004, 2005) on the poverty reduction effect of community-level infrastructure improvement projects on water supply systems in Georgia; Brockerhoff and Derose (1996) and Jalan and Ravallion (2003) on the role of water supply and public health systems; and Jacoby (2000), Gibson, and Rozelle (2003), and Jacoby and Minten (2008) on the effectiveness of road and transportation infrastructure.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that physical infrastructure development improves the long-term production and income levels of an economy in both the macroeconomic endogenous growth literature (Barro 1990;Futagami, Morita, and Shibata 1993) and empirical studies (Easterly and Rebelo 1993;Lipton and Ravallion 1995;Jimenez 1995;Canning and Bennathan 2000;Esfahani and Ramirez 2003;Canning and Pedroni 2008;Calderón, Moral-Benito, and Servén 2014). Moreover, a number of micro studies have shown that development of infrastructure is one of the indispensable components of poverty reduction (Van de Walle 1996;Lokshin and Yemtsov 2005;Jalan and Ravallion 2003;Jacoby 2000;Gibson and Rozelle 2003).…”