Infrared Thermal Imaging to Measure Local Temperature Rises Caused by Handheld Mobile Phones

Kargel, Christian

doi:10.1109/tim.2005.851082

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For keeping psychological influences constant, a standardized written conversation (emotionally neutral) was provided to each subject. This ensured similar speech to pause ratios throughout the study as it has been reported that the transmitted RF power slightly decreases during pause while speaking on a mobile phone [14,35]. The loudness levels were not restricted as the used mobile phone models were equipped with automatic gain control mechanisms.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It has been earlier reported that variation in ambient room temperature can affect the accuracy of temperature measurement in such studies [35] and hence, the room temperature was maintained at 28 (±1)°C throughout the experiments. The subjects were comfortably seated on a chair and 20 min of acclimatization time was allowed for each subject.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accuracy of the measured temperature values (T m ) were calculated by the method of error propagation in skin emissivity and ambient temperature and the errors involved in the measured temperature (|DT m |) can be expressed by the following equation [35].…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, e is the emissivity of skin (considered as 0.98), De is the nominal value of the error in the skin emissivity (considered as 0.01 [35]), T amb is the ambient temperature (kept constant at 301 K throughout the experiments) and DT amb is the average variation in the ambient temperature during the course of experiments ($1 K). The nominal value of the measured temperature was considered as 306 K and the error involved in the measured temperature was found to be 0.07 K which was not significant as it was lower than the region of interest averaged temperature fluctuation and moreover, lower than the temperature accuracy of the thermal imaging camera (0.1 K).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They observed a linear temperature increase of 1-2.4 (±0.2)°C under various conditions. Kargel used IRT for investigating local temperature rise in the earskull regions of human subjects during usage of two different commercially available models of handheld mobile phones [35]. He reported an average temperature increase of 0.4-0.7°C for the mobile phone with a SAR value of 0.39 W/kg, whereas, temperature rise was found to be 1.2-2.3°C for the other mobile phone with a SAR value of 1.26 W/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Infrared thermography based studies on mobile phone induced heating

Lahiri¹,

Bagavathiappan²,

Soumya³

et al. 2015

Infrared Physics & Technology

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Infrared thermography based studies on mobile phone induced heating

Lahiri¹,

Bagavathiappan²,

Soumya³

et al. 2015

Infrared Physics & Technology

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The influence of smartphones’ operation modes on the superficial temperature distribution in the human auricle region

Bauer

Górecki

Kohyt

et al. 2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In this study, the infrared thermography was used to examine heating effects in human auricle region due to short-duration use of smartphones in normal and flight mode operation by 20 healthy volunteers (age 19-24 years, 9 females and 11 males). Statistically significant differences in both modes were observed between mean temperatures of the auricle regions before and immediately after the use of the smartphone. The increase in tissue temperature resulted from a combined effect of conductive heat transfer caused by the non-microwave-related activity of the smartphone and the absorption of the radiofrequency microwaves. Furthermore, we observed the thermal effect even after 1 h of such short use of the smartphone. The transient temperature change in tissues due to smartphone use can contribute to the cumulative thermal effects and thus both short-and long-duration use of smartphones should be considered in future studies. The small study also showed a gender dimension in the thermal response, which also merits further investigation. The study confirmed the usefulness of using thermography for direct quantitative analyses of temperature changes related to smartphone usage, which can be exploited in future epidemiological studies in personalized and preventive medicine.

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Medical applications of infrared thermography: A review

Lahiri

Bagavathiappan

Jayakumar

et al. 2012

Infrared Physics & Technology

988

658

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The primary objective of this study is the development of transparent thin film materials in the IR enabling strong infrared absorption of organic compounds in the vicinity of metal nanoparticles by the surface plasmon effect. For developing these optical micro-sensors, heterostructures combining gold nanoparticles and chalcogenide planar waveguides are fabricated and adequately characterized. Single As 2 S 3 and Ge 25 Sb 10 Se 65 amorphous chalcogenide thin films are prepared by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. For the fabrication of gold nanoparticles on a chalcogenide planar waveguide, direct current sputtering is employed. Fabricated single layers or hetero-structures are characterized using various techniques to investigate the influence of deposition parameters. The nanoparticles of gold are functionalized by a self-assembled monolayer of 4-nitrothiophenol. Finally, the surface enhanced infrared absorption spectra of 4-nitrothiophenol self-assembled on fabricated Au/Ge-Sb-Se thin films hetero-structures are measured and analyzed. This optical component presents a ~24 enhancement factor for the detection of NO 2 symmetric stretching vibration band of 4-nitrothiophenol at 1336 cm −1 .

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Infrared Thermal Imaging to Measure Local Temperature Rises Caused by Handheld Mobile Phones

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Infrared thermography based studies on mobile phone induced heating

Infrared thermography based studies on mobile phone induced heating

The influence of smartphones’ operation modes on the superficial temperature distribution in the human auricle region

Medical applications of infrared thermography: A review

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