Infrared spectroscopy in hemodialysis: reagent-free monitoring of patient detoxification by infrared spectroscopy

Abstract

A method for monitoring hemodialysis based on quantitative infrared spectroscopic determination of the molecules dialyzed from patient blood is reported. The measurements are reagent-free and aim at real-time and in-line monitoring of the hemodialysis patient. A flow cell using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy is coupled downstream of the dialysis filter unit. A calibration model has been developed from real hemodialysis samples analyzed by chemical reference analysis and from artificially mixed dialysis samples. The infrared monitoring of hemodialysis includes quantitative determination of urea as the lead substance, as well as glucose, lactate, and creatinine, all at a precision only limited by the chemical reference analysis. The flow cell can be fitted to all standard hemodialysis systems. Preliminary tests with hemodialysis patients have demonstrated that detoxification can be clearly monitored. Furthermore, these experiments demonstrate that a wide, real-time control of the patient's physiological parameters is possible with this method, which could lead to increased patient safety.

A Regional Blood Flow Model for Glucose and Insulin Kinetics During Hemodialysis

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“…An urgent application is the determination of ethanol in fruit juices formed by fermentation during storage to prevent its use for children. In medical applications, we have recently demonstrated the potential of this technique for the determination of compounds in the dialysis liquid during hemodialysis, where glucose, urea, lactate and creatinine can be measured in-line and used for the monitoring of the parameters of the patient and its detoxification [6].…”

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Caged CO2 for the Direct Observation of CO2‐Consuming Reactions

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