Infrared reflectance as an alternative to EMG for measuring prepulse inhibition of startle eyeblink

Lovelace, Christopher T.; Elmore, Wade R.; Filion, Diane L.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00449.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is interesting, since video-measured eye lid movements shows a high correlation with the EMG [52] and startle evoked eye lid closure was susceptible to other experimental manipulations, such as affective startle modulation [53] or prepulse inhibition [54]. We also controlled for the probability of complete blinks (when the eyeball is fully covered by the lid), since these cases can diminish the correlation between lid movement and EMG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cold Pressor Stress on the Human Startle Response

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Both emotion and attention are known to influence the startle response. Stress influences emotion and attention, but the impact of stress on the human startle response remains unclear. We used an established physiological stressor, the Cold Pressor Test (CPT), to induce stress in a non-clinical human sample (24 student participants) in a within-subjects design. Autonomic (heart rate and skin conductance) and somatic (eye blink) responses to acoustic startle probes were measured during a pre-stress baseline, during a three minutes stress intervention, and during the subsequent recovery period. Startle skin conductance and heart rate responses were facilitated during stress. Compared to baseline, startle eye blink responses were not affected during the intervention but were diminished afterwards. These data describe a new and unique startle response pattern during stress: facilitation of autonomic stress responses but no such facilitation of somatic startle eye blink responses. The absence of an effect of stress on startle eye blink responsiveness may illustrate the importance of guaranteeing uninterrupted visual input during periods of stress.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cold Pressor Stress on the Human Startle Response

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Amplitude is calculated as the difference from the onset (first inflection) to the peak (highest point) of the response indicating the strength of contraction. This technique has been compared with the more common use of electromyography (EMG) methods and shows adequate sensitivity for detecting the response (see Lovelace, Elmore, & Filion, ). The use of the photocell as opposed to EMG methods during exercise should reduce interference of (a) nonstartle‐related facial movements induced by challenging exercise intensities, and (b) potential effects of the muscle tension, heat, sweat, etc., that could influence electrodes on the skin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal oxygenation and the acoustic startle eyeblink response during exercise: A test of the dual‐mode model

Tempest

Parfitt

2017

Psychophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interplay between the prefrontal cortex and amygdala is proposed to explain the regulation of affective responses (pleasure/displeasure) during exercise as outlined in the dual-mode model. However, due to methodological limitations the dual-mode model has not been fully tested. In this study, prefrontal oxygenation (using near-infrared spectroscopy) and amygdala activity (reflected by eyeblink amplitude using acoustic startle methodology) were recorded during exercise standardized to metabolic processes: 80% of ventilatory threshold (below VT), at the VT, and at the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise was assessed prior to, and affective responses recorded during exercise. The results revealed that, as the intensity of exercise became more challenging (from below VT to RCP), prefrontal oxygenation was larger and eyeblink amplitude and affective responses were reduced. Below VT and at VT, larger prefrontal oxygenation was associated with larger eyeblink amplitude. At the RCP, prefrontal oxygenation was greater in the left than right hemisphere, and eyeblink amplitude explained significant variance in affective responses (with prefrontal oxygenation) and self-reported tolerance. These findings highlight the role of the prefrontal cortex and potentially the amygdala in the regulation of affective (particularly negative) responses during exercise at physiologically challenging intensities (above VT). In addition, a psychophysiological basis of self-reported tolerance is indicated. This study provides some support of the dual-mode model and insight into the neural basis of affective responses during exercise.

show abstract

“…Moreover, infants are usually fearful of objects being affixed to their face, particularly near the eye (Balaban & Berg, 2007). For these reasons, other measurement methods, such as the infrared reflectance (Lovelace, Elmore, & Filion, 2006) or a multiple muscle measurement (Bakker et al, 2009), have been proposed from different authors to measure startle in childhood (Balaban & Berg, 2007). However, alternative methodologies were never tested in the measuring of startle response during early infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three methodologies for measuring the acoustic startle response in early infancy

Agnoli

Franchin

Dondi

2011

Developmental Psychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study investigated whether three methodologies currently used in animal as well as human adult startle research could be adapted for measuring the startle response in 5-month-old infants. The three methods performed: an automated and computerized recording of the infants' whole-body motor reactions (Automated Infant Motor Movement Startle Seat, AIMMSS); a coding of the infants' facial muscular contractions involved in the startle response (FACS, Baby FACS); an analysis of the infants' eyeblink intensity in response to the startle probes (Eye-Blink Strength scale). The results showed that these methods accurately registered the latency and intensity parameters of the reactions to acoustic startle stimuli. A correlational analysis showed, also, that the three methods registered the same motor reaction measuring the infant acoustic startle response in a consistent way.

show abstract

Infrared reflectance as an alternative to EMG for measuring prepulse inhibition of startle eyeblink

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Cold Pressor Stress on the Human Startle Response

Effects of Cold Pressor Stress on the Human Startle Response

Prefrontal oxygenation and the acoustic startle eyeblink response during exercise: A test of the dual‐mode model

Three methodologies for measuring the acoustic startle response in early infancy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About