The molecular weight distribution and composition of organic pollutants from chemi-mechanical pulping waste liquor was studied using ultrafiltration, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentration of dissolved chemical organic compounds was approximately 1.81 × 10 4 mg·L -1. In addition, the wastewater had poor biodegradability. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was primarily composed of small molecular organic pollutants, and the larger pollutants in the waste liquor were its primary source of color. The data indicated that there were chromophoric and auxochrome groups in the waste liquor. The waste liquor contained 38 types of organic pollutants, which were aromatic compounds, including phenols, ketones, alcohols, and fatty acids.