Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code

Vollmann, Jochen; Winau, Rolf

doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1445

Cited by 378 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…1 Because of the medical research atrocities performed by Nazi physicians, a Doctrine of Informed Consent evolved with its roots in the Nuremberg Code of 1948 and the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki in 1964. 2,3 This doctrine provides guidelines that attempt to protect human subjects involved in medical research projects. In direct conflict to the benevolent paternalism of hippocratic teachings, the advanced medical directive legislation of 1990 (Patient SelfDetermination Act) promulgates a patient decisionmaking process that provides medical guidelines and directives to the involved physicians.…”

Section: Discussion Doctrine Of Informed Consentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should the chiropractic profession embrace the doctrine of informed consent?

Lehman

Conwell²,

Sherman

2008

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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This commentary provides a narrative review of the literature focusing on the use of a health care informed consent process in the United States. This article reviews the current positions of the World Medical Association, American Medical Association, American Chiropractic Association, Wisconsin and New Jersey State Courts, US Federal Government Office of Health Policy and Clinical Outcomes, and 1 college of chiropractic regarding the doctrine of informed consent. The authors recommend that the chiropractic profession embrace the doctrine of informed consent and promulgate it as a standard of care. The implementation of this doctrine by chiropractic physicians promotes and improves the safety of chiropractic interventions.

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Section: Discussion Doctrine Of Informed Consentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should the chiropractic profession embrace the doctrine of informed consent?

Lehman

Conwell²,

Sherman

2008

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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“…The first countries to have policies on medical research were Prussia [16] and Germany [17]. The Prussian code stated ''all medical interventions other than for diagnosis, healing, and immunization were excluded under all circumstances if the human subject was a minor or not competent for other reasons, or if the subject had not given his or her unambiguous consent after a proper explanation of the possible negative consequences of the intervention.''…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The ethical implications of genetic testing in the classroom

Taylor

Rogers

2011

Biochem Molecular Bio Educ

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The development of classroom experiments where students examine their own DNA is frequently described as an innovative teaching practice. Often these experiences involve students analyzing their genes for various polymorphisms associated with disease states, like an increased risk for developing cancer. Such experiments can muddy the distinction between classroom investigation and medical testing. Although the goals and issues surrounding classroom genotyping do not directly align with those of clinical testing, instructors can use the guidelines and standards established by the medical genetics community when evaluating the ethics of human genotyping. We developed a laboratory investigation and discussion which allowed undergraduate science students to explore current DNA manipulation techniques to isolate their p53 gene, followed by a dialogue probing the ethical implications of examining their sample for various polymorphisms. Students never conducted genotyping on their samples because of the ethical concerns presented in this paper, so the discussion replaced the actual genetic testing in the class. A science faculty member led the laboratory portion, while a genetic counselor facilitated the discussion of the ethical concepts underlying genetic counseling: autonomy, beneficence, confidentiality, and justice. In their final papers, students demonstrated an understanding of the practice guidelines established by the genetics community and acknowledged the ethical considerations inherent in p53 genotyping. Given the burgeoning market for personalized medicine, teaching undergraduates about the psychosocial and ethical dimensions of human genetic testing is important and timely. Moreover, incorporating a genetic counselor in the classroom discussion provided a rich and dynamic discussion of human genetic testing.

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“…Apesar da regulamentação institucional da pesquisa em seres humanos no ano de 1900 na antiga Prússia (3) , o primeiro documento internacional sobre esse tema é o Código de Nuremberg (4) , editado pelo Tribunal de Nuremberg em 1947, no qual constam 10 itens com recomendações que os médicos devem seguir nos experimentos em seres humanos. (5) .…”

Section: Editorialunclassified

A ética da pesquisa em seres humanos e a publicação de artigos científicos

Sardenberg

1999

J. Pneumologia

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Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code

Cited by 378 publications

References 4 publications

Should the chiropractic profession embrace the doctrine of informed consent?

Should the chiropractic profession embrace the doctrine of informed consent?

The ethical implications of genetic testing in the classroom

A ética da pesquisa em seres humanos e a publicação de artigos científicos

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