Information–Movement Coupling in The Control of Driver Approach to an Intersection

Keeping the Driver in the Loop While Driving With Conditional Automation

“…Generally speaking, perception-action theory originates from James Gibson's seminal work on understanding drivers' and pilots' capacity to control movement adequately (Gibson et al, 1955;Gibson & Crooks, 1938). Building on Gibson's later work (Gibson, 1986) the perception-action theory approach investigates how drivers locomote by interacting with the environment through the process of perception and action loops (Bootsma, 1998;Harrison et al, 2016;Mathieu et al, 2017a). For example, the optical expansion of a stop sign in the retina of drivers guides their braking actions towards it (DeLucia et al, 2016;Lee, 1976;Morando et al, 2016).…”

“…In turn, the action of braking changes the optical expansion of the stop sign relative to the driver, thereby closing the perception-action loop. Iterations of these perception-action loops allow driving behavior to emerge (Harrison et al, 2016;Mathieu et al, 2017a).…”

“…Moreover, in the loop definitions that rely on mental constructs have been criticized as prone to feigning a deeper processual understanding than As illustrated above, research on fundamental perception-action coupling often uses braking-and steering of a vehicle as a research paradigm. Therefore, a large body of research on perception-action coupling in manual vehicle control has been amassed (e.g., DeLucia et al, 2016;Fajen, 2005aFajen, , 2007Fajen & Devaney, 2006;Harrison et al, 2016;Lee, 1976;Mathieu et al, 2017a). A strength of the perception-action framework is that it provides a perspective on the loop in manual driving behavior, which emphasizes measurable behavior (Flach, 1995).…”

“…According to the perception-action framework, manual driving behavior emerges as the driver interacts with the environment through loops of perception and action (Bootsma, 1998;Fajen, 2005bFajen, , 2007Fajen & Devaney, 2006;Harrison et al, 2016;Mathieu et al, 2017a). For example, the optical expansion of a stop sign is perceived by drivers and guides their braking actions towards it (DeLucia et al, 2016;Lee, 1976;Morando et al, 2016).…”

“…In turn, the action of braking changes the optical expansion of the stop sign relative to the driver, thereby closing the perception-action loop. Iterations of these perception-action loops allow driving behavior to emerge (Harrison et al, 2016;Mathieu et al, 2017a).In order to understand how drivers can be kept in the loop, it is necessary to understand two key processes underlying the perception-action loop: perceptual attunement and perceptual-motor calibration. Perceptual attunement entails that a driver is exposed to -and able to detect and track -the specifying (i.e.…”