Information Input Overload and Psychopathology

Miller, James G.

doi:10.1176/ajp.116.8.695

Cited by 320 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…This explains Asare et al (2000) findings that accountability for the decision is the auditors" main concern as they tend to minimize the extent and depth of the searching process but not the breadth of the test. Similarly, Miller (1960) suggests that people will cope with the effect of time pressure by filtering the information and choosing only the important one. Payne et al (1996, p. 131) note that the stress from making choices under time pressure is "often due not so much to strict deadlines as it is to the potential opportunity cost of delaying decisions".…”

Section: Mental Model For Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

Audit Structure, Time Pressure and Judgment Accuracy: A Comparison between Strategic System Audit and Traditional Audit

Abuaddous¹,

Hanefah²,

Laili³

2015

IJEF

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The development of audit practice is a continuous process. The strategic system audit (SSA) method is a quite recent audit procedure that represents a complete shift from old audit techniques as it relies on assessing the client"s business risk using a top-down rather than a bottom-up (traditional) approach. Previous studies focused on the effectiveness of SSA in performing audit. In addition, previous studies did not rule out the role of auditors" experience in an experimental procedure that compares between the two methods. Moreover, the effect of time pressure on auditors" "JDM" effectiveness under Traditional Audit (TA) and SSA during the orientation phase is still lacking in the literature. Using expert auditors as a benchmark and 81 master degree students, a2x2 factorial design experiment and a Mann-Whitney U test show that auditors under SSA method issue a more effective audit assessment than under TA in the absence or presence of time pressure.

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Section: Mental Model For Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

Audit Structure, Time Pressure and Judgment Accuracy: A Comparison between Strategic System Audit and Traditional Audit

Abuaddous¹,

Hanefah²,

Laili³

2015

IJEF

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“…On one hand, all participants in a field of activity recognize that having greater access to data is a benefit in principle. On the other hand, these same participants recognize how the flood of available data challenges their ability to find what is informative or meaningful for their goals and tasks (Miller, 1960). We will refer to this as the data availability paradox.…”

Section: The Data Availability Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these contexts, such as intelligence analysis but also in web based activities, participants use the words "data overload" to means they are experiencing a workload bottleneck --there are simply too many individual data units to examine them all manually in the time that is available. As a result, one can observe coping strategies and associated failure modes associated with workload bottlenecks in general (Miller, 1960;Hollnagel, Bye and Hoffman, 2000).…”

Section: Workload Bottleneckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Ever Escape from Data Overload? A Cognitive Systems Diagnosis

Woods

Patterson

Roth³

2002

Cognition, Technology & Work

170

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Data overload is a generic and tremendously difficult problem that has only grown with each new wave of technological capabilities. As a generic and persistent problem, three observations are in need of explanation: Why is data overload so difficult to address? Why has each wave of technology exacerbated, rather than resolved, data overload? How are people, as adaptive responsible agents in context, able to cope with the challenge of data overload?In this paper, first we examine three different characterizations that have been offered to capture the nature of the data overload problem and how they lead to different proposed solutions. As a result, we propose that (a) data overload is difficult because of the context sensitivity problem -meaning lies, not in data, but in relationships of data to interests and expectations and (b) new waves of technology exacerbate data overload when they ignore or try to finesse context sensitivity. The paper then summarizes the mechanisms of human perception and cognition that enable people to focus on the relevant subset of the available data despite the fact that what is interesting depends on context.By focusing attention on the root issues that make data overload a difficult problem and on people's fundamental competence, we have identified a set of constraints that all potential solutions must meet. Notably among these constraints is the idea that organization precedes selectivity. These constraints point toward regions of the solution space that have been little explored. In order to place data in context, designers need to display data in a conceptual space that depicts the relationships, events, and contrasts that are informative in a field of practice.KEYWORDS: agent, alarm, context, data overload, information visualization, workload Cognition, Technology and Work, in press 3 DATA OVERLOAD IS A GENERIC, DIFFICULT PROBLEM Information is not a scarce resource. Attention is.Herbert Simon 1Each round of technical advances, whether in artificial intelligence, computer graphics, or electronic connectivity promises to help people better understand and manage a whole host of activities from financial analysis to monitoring data from space missions to controlling the national air space. Certainly, this ubiquitous computerization of the modern world has tremendously advanced our ability to collect, transmit and transform data producing unprecedented levels of access to data.However, our ability to interpret this avalanche of data, i.e., to extract meaning from artificial fields of data, has expanded much more slowly, if at all. In studies across multiple settings, we find that practitioners are bombarded with computer processed data, especially when anomalies occur. We find users lost in massive networks of computer based displays, options and modes. For example, one can find a version of the following statement in most accident investigation reports: "although all of the necessary data was physically available, it was not operationally effective. No one could assemble...

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“…Crowding may place physicians under information overload, 25 a state in which they are more likely to both commit errors and attempt escape from difficult tasks, 26 suggesting the potential for an increase in potentially avoidable admissions as ED physicians choose admission as a safe alternative for these gray area patients. One previous study has examined this association and found an association between crowding and increased likelihood of admission for transient ischemic attack patients in Canada; 27 to our knowledge this association has not been in investigated among all patients or in the United States.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Emergency Department Census on the Decision to Admit

Gorski

Batt

Ötleş

et al. 2017

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objective: We evaluated the effect of emergency department (ED) census on disposition decisions made by ED physicians.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using 18 months of all adult patient encounters seen in the main ED at an academic tertiary care center. Patient census information was calculated at the time of physician assignment for each individual patient and included the number of patients in the waiting room (waiting room census) and number of patients being managed by the patient's attending (physician load census). A multiple logistic regression model was created to assess the association between these census variables and the disposition decision, controlling for potential confounders including Emergency Severity Index acuity, patient demographics, arrival hour, arrival mode, and chief complaint.Results: A total of 49,487 patient visits were included in this analysis, of whom 37% were admitted to the hospital. Both census measures were significantly associated with increased chance of admission; the odds ratio (OR) per patient increase for waiting room census was 1.011 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001 to 1.020), and the OR for physician load census was 1.010 (95% CI = 1.002 to 1.019). To put this in practical terms, this translated to a modeled rise from 35.3% to 40.1% when shifting from an empty waiting room and zero patient load to a 12-patient wait and 16-patient load for a given physician. Conclusion:Waiting room census and physician load census at time of physician assignment were positively associated with the likelihood that a patient would be admitted, controlling for potential confounders. Our data suggest that disposition decisions in the ED are influenced not only by objective measures of a patient's disease state, but also by workflow-related concerns. E mergency care is receiving increasing scrutiny as a potential area for cost reductions.1-3 Management of emergency department (ED) costs begins with examining how ED operational characteristics contribute to both patient-level and system-level outcomes. One such characteristic under scrutiny is ED crowding, a phenomenon that can be partially attributed to rising practice intensity 4,5 and inpatient boarding. 6-8 As ED utilization rises, research on the effects of crowding has primarily focused on its influence on patient outcomes, including treatment delays 9-11 and patient mortality.12-15 Less well characterized are organizational responses to increasing operational pressure, such as changes to rates of admission.Highly relevant to the discussion of the cost of emergency care is the growing role of the ED as a "gatekeeper" for inpatient services. 1,16,17 In a 2013 RAND report, hospital admissions rose 4% from 34.7 The authors have no relevant financial information or potential conflicts to disclose. Author contributions: JKG, RJB, and BWP conceived the study; JKG conducted the primary data analysis, with advice and input from RJB and BWP; EO helped with data analysis and offered further methodologic input; JKG pri...

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Information Input Overload and Psychopathology

Cited by 320 publications

References 0 publications

Audit Structure, Time Pressure and Judgment Accuracy: A Comparison between Strategic System Audit and Traditional Audit

Audit Structure, Time Pressure and Judgment Accuracy: A Comparison between Strategic System Audit and Traditional Audit

Can We Ever Escape from Data Overload? A Cognitive Systems Diagnosis

The Impact of Emergency Department Census on the Decision to Admit

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