“…Many researchers have studied the hold-up problem from different perspectives, with the majority focusing on the relationships among transaction costs, hold-up, and vertical integration (John & Weitz, 1988;Joskow, 1988;Levy, 1985;Maher, 1997;Monteverde & Teece, 1982). Another large strand of the literature has explored mechanisms for mitigating hold-ups, such as the use of long-term contracts (Joskow, 1985(Joskow, , 1987(Joskow, , 1990, open access (McCabe & Snyder, 2018), controlling the flow of information (Durand-Viel & Villeneuve, 2016;Gul, 2010;Nguyen & Tan, 2019), renegotiations (Aghion et al, 1994;Georg & Klaus, 1995), and adding more clauses to contracts (Iyer & Sautner, 2018).…”