Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and risk of selected major structural congenital heart defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 2006–2011

Abstract

Background: Although results from studies of first-trimester influenza vaccination and congenital heart defects (CHDs) have been reassuring, data are limited for specific CHDs. Methods: We assessed associations between reported maternal influenza vaccination, 1 month before pregnancy (B1) through end of third pregnancy month (P3), and specific CHDs using data from a multisite, population-based case-control study. Analysis included 2,982 case children diagnosed with a simple CHD (no other cardiac involvement with or without extracardiac defects) and 4,937 control children without a birth defect with estimated delivery dates during 2006-2011. For defects with ≥5 exposed case children, we used logistic regression to estimate propensity score-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for estimated delivery