Influenza equina en Chile (1963 - 1992): Un posible caso en un ser humano

E., Patricio Berríos

doi:10.4067/s0716-10182005000100006

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Even though there are no reports of EIV circulation in Argentina at that time, there is evidence of H3N8 EIV infection and disease in horses in Chile, Brazil and Uruguay [22,23]. Group VIII, also in the Pre-divergent lineage, consists of strains circulating in 1985 [21], which comprise the first isolation of an H3N8 EIV in Argentina [31] and a reintroduction of this virus in Chile, apparently after the entry of horses from Argentina [25,26]. Surprisingly, a strain detected in USA in 1985 belonged to this group, which could be due, as in 1963, to subclinically infected horses traveling from South America to USA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Epidemiology and Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of the H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus in South America

et al. 2016

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Equine influenza virus (EIV) is considered the most important respiratory pathogen of horses as outbreaks of the disease lead to substantial economic losses. The H3N8 EIV has caused respiratory disease in horses across the world, including South American countries. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for the complete haemagglutinin gene of the H3N8 EIV detected in South America since 1963 were analyzed. Phylogenetic and Bayesian coalescent analyses were carried out to study the origin, the time of the most recent common ancestors (tMRCA), the demographic and the phylogeographic patterns of the H3N8 EIV. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the H3N8 EIV detected in South America grouped in 5 well-supported monophyletic clades, each associated with strains of different origins. The tMRCA estimated for each group suggested that the virus was circulating in North America at least one year before its effective circulation in the South American population. Phylogenetic and coalescent analyses revealed a polyphyletic behavior of the viruses causing the outbreaks in South America between 1963 and 2012, possibly due to the introduction of at least 4 different EIVs through the international movement of horses. In addition, phylodynamic analysis suggested South America as the starting point of the spread of the H3N8 EIV in 1963 and showed migration links from the United States to South America in the subsequent EIV irruptions. Further, an increase in the relative genetic diversity was observed between 2006 and 2007 and a subsequent decline since 2009, probably due to the co-circulation of different lineages and as a result of the incorporation of the Florida clade 2 strain in vaccines, respectively. The observed data highlight the importance of epidemiological surveillance and the implementation of appropriate quarantine procedures to prevent outbreaks of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The H3N8 EIV re-emerged in Chile in several outbreaks that occurred in 1985 and 1992 [25,26]. Another episode of EI, which affected both vaccinated and unvaccinated horses, occurred in 2006, caused by a virus belonging to the H3N8 American lineage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of the H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus in South America

et al. 2016

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“…The first registered occurrence of EI disease in South America was reported in Chile in June 1963, characterized by an acute presentation and rapid dissemination. The outbreak was due to an EIV H3N8 subtype and occurred almost simultaneously with the first described case of the EIV H3N8 in Miami, Florida, USA [ 14 , 42 , 47 , 55 ]. A further event of EI took place in the summer of 1977, caused by an EIV H7N7 subtype and characterized for being clinically more severe than the previous one [ 46 ].…”

Section: Main Outbreaks Of Respiratory Disease Due To Eiv Infection In Horses In South Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Equine Influenza in South America

Perglione

Barrandeguy

2021

Viruses

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Equine influenza virus (EIV) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of horses as outbreaks of the disease lead to significant economic losses worldwide. In this review, we summarize the information available on equine influenza (EI) in South America. In the region, the major events of EI occurred almost in the same period in the different countries, and the EIV isolated showed high genetic identity at the hemagglutinin gene level. It is highly likely that the continuous movement of horses, some of them subclinically infected, among South American countries, facilitated the spread of the virus. Although EI vaccination is mandatory for mobile or congregates equine populations in the region, EI outbreaks continuously threaten the equine industry. Vaccine breakdown could be related to the fact that many of the commercial vaccines available in the region contain out-of-date EIV strains, and some of them even lack reliable information about immunogenicity and efficacy. This review highlights the importance of disease surveillance and reinforces the need to harmonize quarantine and biosecurity protocols, and encourage vaccine manufacturer companies to carry out quality control procedures and update the EIV strains in their products.

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“…In Chile, the first outbreak of EI was reported in 1963,23 that is the same year, a H3N8 virus was isolated for the first time from horses in the USA 6. H3N8 viruses re‐emerged in Chile in 1985, 1992 and 2006 24, 25, 26. Outbreaks due to H3N8 viruses were recorded in Argentina from 1985 to 2005 26.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and virological findings during multiple outbreaks of equine influenza in South America in 2012

Perglione¹,

Gildea

Rimondi³

et al. 2015

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundIn 2012, equine influenza (EI) virus was confirmed as the cause of outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses throughout South America. In Uruguay and Argentina, hundreds of vaccinated thoroughbred horses in training and racing facilities were clinically affected.ObjectiveTo characterise the EI viruses detected during the outbreak in Uruguay and Argentina.MethodsVirus was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs by a pan‐reactive influenza type A real‐time RT‐PCR. The nucleotide sequence of the HA1 gene was determined and analysed phylogenetically using mega 5 software. Amino acid sequences alignments were constructed and virus was antigenically characterised with specific ferret antisera. Paired serum samples were tested by haemagglutination inhibition and single radial haemolysis.ResultsThe diagnosis of EIV was confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR, virus isolation and serological testing. The phylogenetic analysis of HA1 gene sequences of 18 EI viruses indicated that all of them belong to clade 1 of the Florida sublineage of the American lineage and are closely related to viruses isolated in the United States in 2012. The HA1 of viruses identified in horses in racing facilities in Maroñas, Uruguay, and in Palermo, Argentina, displayed 100% amino acid sequence identity and were identical to that of a virus isolated in Dubai in 2012, from vaccinated endurance horses recently imported from Uruguay.ConclusionsThe surveillance data reported illustrate the international spread of EI viruses and support the recommendations of the OIE expert surveillance panel to include viruses of the Florida sublineage in vaccines.

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Influenza equina en Chile (1963 - 1992): Un posible caso en un ser humano

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Epidemiology and Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of the H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus in South America

Molecular Epidemiology and Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of the H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus in South America

An Overview of Equine Influenza in South America

Epidemiological and virological findings during multiple outbreaks of equine influenza in South America in 2012

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