Influenza co-infection associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Alosaimi, Bandar; Naeem, Asif; Hamed, Maaweya E.; Alkadi, Haitham; Alanazi, Thamer; Rehily, Sanaa Saad Al; Almutairi, Abdullah Z.; Zafar, Adnan

doi:10.1186/s12985-021-01594-0

Cited by 99 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…A total of 169 articles were processed for full text screening. Fifty-four articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis of the systematic review and meta-analysis ( Figure 1 ) [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dao

Hoang

Colson

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Virology Plus

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We conducted this meta-analysis to determine the proportion of co-infection with influenza viruses in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and to investigate the severity of COVID-19 in these patients. We included studies with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by qRT-PCR and influenza virus infection (A and/or B) by nucleic acid tests. The proportion of co-infection was compared between children and adults, and between critically ill or deceased patients compared to overall patients. Fifty-four articles were included. The overall proportion of co-infection was 0.7%, 95%CI = [0.4 – 1.3]. Most influenza co-infections were due to the influenza A virus (74.4%). The proportion of co-infection with influenza viruses among children (3.2%, 95% CI = [0.9 – 10.9]) was significantly higher than that in adult patients (0.3%, 95% CI = [0.1 – 1.2]), p-value <0.01. The proportion of co-infection with influenza viruses among critically ill patients tended to be higher than that in overall patients (2.2%, 95% CI = [0.3 – 22.4] versus 0.6%, 95% CI = [0.3 – 1.2], respectively, p-value = 0.22). Screening for pathogens in co-infection, particularly influenza viruses in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, is necessary. This warrants close surveillance and investigation of the co-incidences and interactions of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, which is facilitated by the expansion of syndromic diagnosis approaches through the use of multiplex PCR assays.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dao

Hoang

Colson

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Virology Plus

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“…A study from China revealed Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila are among the most frequently isolated organisms causing respiratory illness in patients with COVID 19. The prevalence of diabetes was 54%, and a strong correlation was shown between hyperglycemia and co-infection [ 71 ]. Patients with bacterial co-infections were found to have higher mortality and higher rates of steroid use.…”

Section: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (Dpp-4) Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: Review Article

Nassar

Daoud

Nso

et al. 2021

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

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Background and aims We aim to cover most of the current evidence on the effect of both diabetes & COVID-19 infection on each other and the management of diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods We utilized databases to review the current evidence related to diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. Results We discussed the most recent evidence of diabetes milieus and COVID-19 regarding risk factors, management, complications, and telemedicine. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus carry a significant risk of complications, more extended hospital stays, and mortality in COVID-19 infected patients.

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“…Recently, Alosaimi et al in a study including 48 COVID-19 patients, reported that Influenza AH1N1 was the most common detected virus among the co-infecting pathogens, found in 64% of patients. Clinical relevance of influenza AH1N1 co-infection is not easy to determine because the clinical characteristics are very similar to SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Drug Resistance Bacterial Infections in Critically Ill Patients Admitted with COVID-19

2021

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Introduction. It is known that bacterial infections represent a common complication during viral respiratory tract infections such as influenza, with a concomitant increase in morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the prevalence of bacterial co-infections and secondary infections in critically ill patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not well understood yet. We performed a review of the literature currently available to examine the incidence of bacterial secondary infections acquired during hospital stay and the risk factors associated with multidrug resistance. Most of the studies, mainly retrospective and single-centered, highlighted that the incidence of co-infections is low, affecting about 3.5% of hospitalized patients, while the majority are hospital acquired infections, developed later, generally 10–15 days after ICU admission. The prolonged ICU hospitalization and the extensive use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs during the COVID-19 outbreak might have contributed to the selection of pathogens with different profiles of resistance. Consequently, the reported incidence of MDR bacterial infections in critically ill COVID-19 patients is high, ranging between 32% to 50%. MDR infections are linked to a higher length of stay in ICU but not to a higher risk of death. The only risk factor independently associated with MDR secondary infections reported was invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.062; 95% CI 1.012–1.114), but also steroid therapy and prolonged length of ICU stay may play a pivotal role. The empiric antimicrobial therapy for a ventilated patient with suspected or proven bacterial co-infection at ICU admission should be prescribed judiciously and managed according to a stewardship program in order to interrupt or adjust it on the basis of culture results.

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Influenza co-infection associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Cited by 99 publications

References 49 publications

Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: Review Article

Multi-Drug Resistance Bacterial Infections in Critically Ill Patients Admitted with COVID-19

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