Influenza A virus infection increases IgE production and airway responsiveness in aerosolized antigen-exposed mice☆☆☆★

Abstract

Infection by influenza A virus enhances sensitization to inhaled antigens and airway responsiveness in mice by means of mechanisms including CD8(+) cells and antigen-specific IgE.

Influenza A Virus Infection Inhibits the Efficient Recruitment of Th2 Cells into the Airways and the Development of Airway Eosinophilia

“…However, although infections with respiratory viruses induce Th1 immune responses, most epidemiological studies indicate that viral infections are associated with the exacerbation and not the inhibition of asthma in humans (11, 13, 14). Furthermore, animal experiments addressing this issue have yielded somewhat conflicting results with some reports indicating that viral infections can both increase or suppress allergen-induced Th2 responses in the lung, depending upon the virus used and the time point of infection (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). The aim of our study was to analyze whether an infection with flu virus interfered with the development of Th2 responses in the lung induced by the recruitment of Th2 cells into the airways after the i.n.…”

“…Children infected with flu virus may directly develop AHR and thus virus-induced asthma. Furthermore, previous studies indicate that a flu virus infection during allergen sensitization may inhibit the development of tolerance and exacerbate allergic Th2 responses (15,25). However, in the long term, a flu virus infection may contribute to the protection against asthma by reducing the development of eosinophilic inflammation in the airways.…”

“…However, the opposite seems to be true, because most epidemiological studies show a clear association between infections with respiratory viruses and the exacerbation of asthma in humans (11)(12)(13)(14). Animal experiments addressing this issue have yielded somewhat conflicting results with some reports indicating that respiratory viral infections increase allergen-induced Th2 responses in the lung and others reporting no effect or a suppressive effect (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). For this reason, we investigated how an intranasal (i.n.)…”

“…infection with flu virus influenced the development of allergen-induced Th2 responses in the lung of mice. In contrast to most previously published reports addressing similar questions (15,22,25,26), we used an OVA immunization protocol where the initial allergenspecific Th2 response does not develop in the lung. The allergenspecific Th2 response is induced by an OVA/alum protocol, leading to the recruitment of Th2 cells into the airways and resulting in airway eosinophilia, mucus production, and AHR.…”

Adenovirus-mediated transfer of heme oxygenase-1 cDNA attenuates severe lung injury induced by the influenza virus in mice

“…54 The virus was grown in Mardin-Darby canine (MDCK) cells cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM), containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 2 days, after which viruses were collected and stored −80°C. The virus titer was quantitated by plaque assay as described.…”