Influencing Factors of Driving Decision-Making Under the Moral Dilemma

Li, Sixian; Zhang, Junyou; Li, Pengcheng; Wang, Yongqing

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2932043

“…While ethical guidelines are important to consider, another aspect to consider is legality. In research by Awad et al (2018) and Li et al (2019), the legal liability of different parties involved in a situation (for example whether pedestrians were crossing legally or not) was shown to affect judgements. However these studies did not consider the interplay between the type of motorist, perspective and legality, something that future research should aim to elucidate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sütfeld et al (2017) found that the behavior of participants in the role of car drivers could be well described by a valueof-life model, such that people are valued more than animals and younger people are valued more than older. Faulhaber et al (2018) (further elaborated by Bergmann et al, 2018), Li et al (2019) showed that car drivers also tend to act in ways that endanger fewer lives, even at the expense of their own. Ju et al (2019) found that personality characteristics predict the likelihood of drivers endangering themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Judgements on the Actions of Self-driving Cars and Human Drivers in Dilemma Situations from Different Perspectives

Kallioinen¹,

Pershina²,

Zeiser³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Self-driving cars have the potential to greatly improve public safety. However, their introduction onto public roads must overcome both ethical and technical challenges. To further understand the ethical issues of introducing self-driving cars, we conducted two moral judgement studies investigating potential differences in the moral norms applied to human drivers and self-driving cars. In the experiments, participants made judgements on a series of dilemma situations involving human drivers or self-driving cars. We manipulated which perspective situations were presented from in order to ascertain the effect of perspective on moral judgements. Two main findings were apparent from the results of the experiments. First, human drivers and self-driving cars were largely judged similarly. However, there was a stronger tendency to prefer self-driving cars to act in ways to minimize harm, compared to human drivers. Second, there was an indication that perspective influences judgements in some situations. Specifically, when considering situations from the perspective of a pedestrian, people preferred actions that would endanger car occupants instead of themselves. However, they did not show such a self-preservation tendency when the alternative was to endanger other pedestrians to save themselves. This effect was more prevalent for judgements on human drivers than self-driving cars. Overall, the results extend and agree with previous research, again contradicting existing ethical guidelines for self-driving car decision making and highlighting the difficulties with adapting public opinion to decision making algorithms.

show abstract

“…Sütfeld et al (2017) found that the behavior of participants in the role of car drivers could be well described by a value-of-life model, such that people are valued more than animals and younger people are valued more than older. Faulhaber et al (2018) (further elaborated by Bergmann et al, 2018), Li et al (2019) showed that car drivers also tend to act in ways that endanger fewer lives, even at the expense of their own. Ju et al (2019) found that personality characteristics predict the likelihood of drivers endangering themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Judgements on the Actions of Self-Driving Cars and Human Drivers in Dilemma Situations From Different Perspectives

Kallioinen

¹

,

Pershina

²

,

Zeiser

³

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Self-driving cars have the potential to greatly improve public safety. However, their introduction onto public roads must overcome both ethical and technical challenges. To further understand the ethical issues of introducing self-driving cars, we conducted two moral judgement studies investigating potential differences in the moral norms applied to human drivers and self-driving cars. In the experiments, participants made judgements on a series of dilemma situations involving human drivers or self-driving cars. We manipulated which perspective situations were presented from in order to ascertain the effect of perspective on moral judgements. Two main findings were apparent from the results of the experiments. First, human drivers and self-driving cars were largely judged similarly. However, there was a stronger tendency to prefer self-driving cars to act in ways to minimize harm, compared to human drivers. Second, there was an indication that perspective influences judgements in some situations. Specifically, when considering situations from the perspective of a pedestrian, people preferred actions that would endanger car occupants instead of themselves. However, they did not show such a self-preservation tendency when the alternative was to endanger other pedestrians to save themselves. This effect was more prevalent for judgements on human drivers than self-driving cars. Overall, the results extend and agree with previous research, again contradicting existing ethical guidelines for self-driving car decision making and highlighting the difficulties with adapting public opinion to decision making algorithms.

show abstract

“…Driving environment have direct influences on driver' violation behavior. Environmental factors include traffic condition [42], road geometry features [26], road type/grades [19], visibility [19], [43], weather condition [43], [44], presence of passenger [25]. Furthermore, in addition to the individual attributes and environment factors, the effects of traffic law and enforcement system cannot be ignored in the analysis of drivers' violation behavior, such as exemption from paying toll [26], Penalty point or license sanctions system [45], [46], and traffic enforcement program [47].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zero-Inflated Ordered Probit Model to Analyze Hazmat Truck Drivers’ Violation Behavior and Associated Risk Factors

Wu

¹

,

Fan

²

,

Wang³

2020

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There are few studies on the violation of truck drivers, especially the hazmat truck driver, although truck driver's violation may cause serious casualties. This paper aims to investigate hazmat truck drivers' violation behavior and identify associated risk factors. Different data sources in intelligent transportation system (ITS) including hazmat transportation management system and traffic safety management system are extracted and emerged together. Three years (2016-2018) of violation data that comprised 11612 trip record in China are employed in this research. Based on Bayesian theory, this study proposes zero-inflated ordered probit (ZIOP) model and three alternative models to exploring the relationship between hazmat truck drivers' violation frequency and the key risk factors. The results show that ZIOP model can handle excessive zero observation problem of violation data properly and differentiate between 'alwayszero group' drivers and drivers who did not violate the traffic rules during research period but would do so in different surroundings. The results also indicate that the violation probability and the violation frequency level of hazmat truck drivers are influenced by driver characteristics, freight order attributes, and drivers' violation records. This research provides guidance for driving training and safety education of hazmat truck drivers, and will be helpful in building better driving simulation models.

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Influencing Factors of Driving Decision-Making Under the Moral Dilemma

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

Moral Judgements on the Actions of Self-driving Cars and Human Drivers in Dilemma Situations from Different Perspectives

Moral Judgements on the Actions of Self-driving Cars and Human Drivers in Dilemma Situations from Different Perspectives

Moral Judgements on the Actions of Self-Driving Cars and Human Drivers in Dilemma Situations From Different Perspectives

A Zero-Inflated Ordered Probit Model to Analyze Hazmat Truck Drivers’ Violation Behavior and Associated Risk Factors

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