Influência da umidade das sementes na capacidade de expansão de três genótipos de milho-pipoca (<em>Zea mays</em> L.)

Caracterização de sementes de uma variedade crioula de milho pipoca (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) cultivada em sistema orgânico pela Agricultura Familiar

“…After harvesting, the corn was threshed and the moisture was measured (18.9%). The seeds were placed on a stainless-steel table and kept at 24 °C ± 2 until the ideal humidity, of approximately 13% (Luz et al, 2005), was achieved. Subsequently, the grains were separated according to color, vacuum packed in a 15 µm polyethylene plastic bag, and stored frozen until the analysis was performed.…”

“…The expansion volume is influenced by several factors. Researchers have investigated its relationship with physical properties (length, width, thickness, size, pericarp color, variety, genotype, weight) (Cabral et al, 2016;Ertas et al 2009;Saito et al, 2021;Srdić et al, 2017;Zulkadir & Idikut, 2021), moisture content (Ceylan & Karababa, 2001;Luz et al, 2005;Singh et al, 2017), and the preparation method (aluminum pan, popcorn popper, and microwave); the addition of ingredients to the preparation of the kernel popcorn (Ceylan & Karababa, 2004;Ertas et al, 2009;Paraginski et al, 2016a;Ranathunga, et al, 2016;Vàzquez-Carrillo et al, 2019); and the environment used for the cultivation of popcorn and different sources of nutrients used in the soil (Cihangir & Oktem, 2019;Gonçalves et al, 2019;Sweley et al, 2012;Zulkadir & Idikut, 2021). Gonçalves et al (2019) obtained a mean EC of 26.3mL•g -1 and 25.5 mL•g -1 with local varieties crop in Florianópolis and Anchieta, respectively.…”

“…These results were attributed to the higher content of farinaceous endosperm present in these grains. According to Luz et al (2005), the optimum moisture content for achieving maximum corn expansion varies between 12.8% and 13.1%. The low moisture content in grains causes overheating of the water inside and does not promote complete expansion of the endosperm and disruption of the pericarp, whereas high moisture content weakens the pericarp, causing the early release of internal pressure, which does not reach the minimum value of 930.79 kPa required to promote the pop (Ademiluyi & Mepba, 2009).…”

“…The low moisture content in grains causes overheating of the water inside and does not promote complete expansion of the endosperm and disruption of the pericarp, whereas high moisture content weakens the pericarp, causing the early release of internal pressure, which does not reach the minimum value of 930.79 kPa required to promote the pop (Ademiluyi & Mepba, 2009). Therefore, the environmental conditions, the popcorn cultivation method, and the physical characteristics of the variety used, such as the dimensions and size of the grain, sphericity, color values, seed weight, moisture, and popcorn preparation (temperature, method, duration, ingredient addition), significantly affect the volume of expansion (Ceylan & Karababa, 2001;Ertas et al, 2009;Luz et al, 2005;Silvia et al, 2016;Singh et al, 2017;Vàzquez-Carrillo et al, 2019;Zulkadir & Idikut, 2021).…”