“…Overall, despite impressive work on expatriate psychological well-being, cultural adjustment, and job performance in the last decades (Avril & Magnini, 2007;Black & Gregersen, 1990;Black & Mendenhall, 1991;Harrison, Shaffer, & Bhaskar-Shrinivas, 2004;Shay & Tracey, 2009;Takeuchi, 2010;Tung, 1998), there has to be an extensive search for guaranteeing successful assignments. While failure rates normally are estimated to range between 25 and 40 percent, in developing countries, this threshold is at about 70 percent (Chiu, Wu, Zhuang, & Hsu, 2009; for a critical discussion of failure rates, please see Harzing (1995)). In other words, up to two out of three expatriates either leave the assignment before having finished their tasks, or they stay while, due to psychological withdrawal, they perform poorly (Shaffer & Harrison, 1998).…”