Influences of Physical Training on the Heart of Dogs

Wyatt, H.L.; Mitchell, Jere H.

doi:10.1161/01.res.35.6.883

Cited by 74 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Wyatt and Mitchell noted an increase in end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness and in the maximum QRS magnitude in dogs exercised on a treadmill over a 12 week period. 47 Our data are consistent with the views of Grande and Taylor32 who proposed that "physiological hypertrophy" of the heart represents a useful mechanism of adaptation in the athlete. Compared to the tall control group, mean Vcf and ejection fraction in this group of athletes showed no difference despite the lower heart rate of the athletes which tends to reduce mean Vcf.48' 1 In addition, the values for mean Vcf were within the previously published range of normal'5 and were consistent with the data obtained in a recent study using young, normal volunteers.…”

Section: Echocardiographic Studiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Noninvasive evaluation of ventricular hypertrophy in professional athletes.

Roeske¹,

O’Rourke²,

Klein³

et al. 1976

Circulation

221

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Athletes often exhibit ECG findings which are considered to be abnormal. Therefore, we used noninvasive graphic methods to study 42 active professional male basketball players, ranging in age from 21 to 31 years, without clinically evident heart disease. Of the 42, 11 (25%) met the Romhilt-Estes ECG voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy, and 12 (29%) satisfied VCG criteria for left ventricular enlargement; nine (21%) had left ventricular hypertrophy by both methods. In 33 subjects (79%) the 0.04 sec vector in the horizontal plane was anterior, and 29 of these exhibited one or more standard criteria for right ventricular enlargement; the ECG and VCG were concordant for right ventricular hypertrophy in 16 subjects (38%). Submaximal treadmill exercise tests (Bruce protocol) were normal in eight athletes, while in one subject ventricular premature beats occurred during the test. In 24 of 25 athletes (96%) from whom phonocardiograms were obtained a third heart sound was recorded, while in 14 (56%), a fourth heart sound was present. Of the 14 athletes who had a fourth heart sound, 12 (86%) had either ECG or VCG evidence of ventricular hypertrophy. Only four of 23 athletes had an increased cardiothoracic ratio (greater than .50) on routine chest X-ray. Ten athletes and ten control subjects matched for height, weight and body surface area had echocardiograms satisfactory for analysis. The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in the athletes averaged 53.7 +/- 1.3 (SE) mm compared with a value of 49.9 +/- 0.7 mm in the control subjects (P less than 0.02), and was increased (greater than or equal to 56 mm) in four. Left ventricular posterior wall thickness averaged 11.1 +/- 0.6 mm, compared with a value of 9.8 +/- 0.5 mm in the control subjects (P less than 0.05), and was increased (greater than or equal to 11 mm) in six athletes. The right ventricular end-diastolic dimension averaged 20.8 +/- 1.1 mm compared with a value of 12.9 +/- 2.2 mm in the controls (P less than 0.004), and was increased (greater than or equal to 23 mm) in four athletes. No athlete or control subject exhibited paradoxical septal motion. In the athletes, ejection fraction (cube method) averaged 79 +/- 2.0% and mean Vcf averaged 1.13 +/- 0.04 circ/sec; these values did not differ from those of the control subjects. Thus, both right and left ventricular enlargement ("physiological hypertrophy") are often present in the well-trained athlete, but left ventricular performance remains normal in the basal state in such individuals. We condlude that these individuals represent a selected subgroup of subjects who are variants of normal.

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Section: Echocardiographic Studiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Noninvasive evaluation of ventricular hypertrophy in professional athletes.

Roeske¹,

O’Rourke²,

Klein³

et al. 1976

Circulation

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1,17 Echocardiographic measurements in dogs are reportedly affected by breed, 24 body weight, 12,25 age 26 and athletic training. 27 Unlike dogs, variations in cardiac size among the different horse breeds have not been investigated comprehensively. 8 Slater and Herrtage, 19 based on cardiac dimensions obtained in ponies and Thoroughbred foals, suggested that it may not be possible to predict normal values for equine cardiac dimensions from the data derived from multiple breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dimensions in normal Standardbred racehorses

Zucca

Ferrucci

Croci

et al. 2008

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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“…The animals exercised 5 d/wk for 32 wk after an initial 1-2-wk period of graded exercise (12). Two dogs were excluded from the project due to inadequate performance in this initial period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrhythmia susceptibility and myocardial composition in diabetes. Influence of physical conditioning.

Bakth¹,

Arena²,

Lee³

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abnormal myocardial composition in diabetes mellitus has been described, but the effects on ventricular vulnerability have not been defined. We have assessed the susceptibility to arrhythmias in a canine model after 1 yr of mild diabetes induced by alloxan. Since physical conditioning can affect metabolic abnormalities in diabetes, this intervention has also been evaluated. Group 1 served as controls and groups 3 and 4 were diabetic. Animals in the latter group as well as nondiabetic controls of group 2 were exercised on a treadmill for the last 8 mo of the experiment. After 1 yr, anesthesia was induced with chloralose for vulnerability studies. The ventricular fibrillation threshold of 24.4±1.9 mA in group 3 was significantly less than in normals (45.1±2.2). Spontaneous arrhythmias were also more prevalent in diabetics during acute ischemia (group 3-A). Increased ventricular vulnerability after epinephrine infusion was present in the sedentary diabetes despite normal ventricular function responsiveness. In a superfused preparation of myocardium, resting membrane potential and action potential amplitude were normal in diabetics, and beta-adrenergic stimulation shortened repolarization more than in controls. Myocardial collagen concentrations, which included an interfibrillar distribution on morphologic examination, were increased in group 3. In the trained diabetics of group 4 the basal vulnerability thresholds and responses to epinephrine were normal. While myocardial collagen levels were normal, cholesterol and triglyceride increments persisted. Thus, in mild experimental diabetes, enhanced susceptibility to arrhythmias exists; this susceptibility may be based on a combination of nonhomogenous collagen accumulation affecting local conduction and increased electrophysiologic sensitivity to catecholamines.

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Influences of Physical Training on the Heart of Dogs

Cited by 74 publications

References 12 publications

Noninvasive evaluation of ventricular hypertrophy in professional athletes.

Noninvasive evaluation of ventricular hypertrophy in professional athletes.

Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dimensions in normal Standardbred racehorses

Arrhythmia susceptibility and myocardial composition in diabetes. Influence of physical conditioning.

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