Influences of compressive stress and aging on dielectric properties of sodium bismuth titanate ceramics

Large activation energy in aged Mn-doped Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6 ferroelectric ceramics

“…The increase of relaxation time reects an increase of activation energy with dopant content. 41 This is in agreement with the results of Fig. 5.…”

“…5(a)-(c) that for different aging temperatures the aging process is different, which indicated that the aging process is thermally activated. The dielectric aging follows the stretched exponential (or Kohlrausch) function as follows, [40][41][42] 3…”

Aging Behavior and Electric Field Induced Instabilities in Lead Magnesium Niobate - Titanate Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystal

“…4b. This shows clearly that aging rate at T = 120 o C is higher than that for T = 40 o C similar to that reported for other relaxor oxides [10]. As to the frequency dependence of aging behaviour at the aged temperatures, an increase in the time constant τ while a decrease in C ∞ and C 1 was observed with increasing frequency.…”

Aging in the relaxor and ferroelectric state of Fe-doped (1-x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-xBaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics

“…24 Furthermore, the permittivity in Fe-doped samples ages more slowly than in un-doped BNT. 25 This finding is contrary to the expectations and was explained with an increased relaxor character due to Fe-doping. Another indication of increasing relaxor character with acceptor-doping is the increased permittivity in Mndoped BNT single crystals.…”