Influence of writing style and categorical information on identification of tactile numerals and letters

Heller, Morton A.; Nesbitt, Kimberly D.; Scrofano, Danette K.

doi:10.3758/bf03333946

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is the viewpoint that is proposed in the present article. Moreover, prior research has shown that categorical informa-TANGIBLE PICTURES 311 tion may be critical for tactile identification of numbers, letters, or geometric shapes (Heller, 1986;Heller, Nesbitt, & Scrofano, 1991). Normal adults are very accurate when they vocally identify numerals, letters, or geometric shapes that are drawn on the skin of the palm or fingers (Critchley, 1953;Heller, 1980Heller, , 1986.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tactual picture identification by blind and sighted people: Effects of providing categorical information

Heller

Calcaterra

Burson

et al. 1996

Perception & Psychophysics

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Four experiments examined the influence of categorical information and visual experience on the identification of tangible pictures, produced with a raised-line drawing kit. In Experiment 1, prior categorical information aided to accuracy and speed of picture identification. In a second experiment, categorical information helped subjects when given after the examination of each picture, but before any attempt at identification. The benefits of categorical information were also obtained in another group of subjects, when the superordinate categories were named at the start of the experiment. In a third experiment, a multiple-choice picture recognition task was used to eliminate the difficulty of naming from the picture-identification task. The multiple-choice data showed higher accuracy and shorter latencies when compared with identification tasks. A fourth experiment evaluated picture identification in blindfolded sighted, early, and late blind participants. Congenitally blind subjects showed lower performance than did the other groups, despite the availability of prior categorical information. The data were consistent with theories that assume that visual imagery aids tactual perception in naming raised line drawings. It was proposed that part of the difficulty in identification of raised line pictures may derive from problems in locating picture categories or names, and not merely in perception of the patterns.

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confidence: 99%

Tactual picture identification by blind and sighted people: Effects of providing categorical information

Heller

Calcaterra

Burson

et al. 1996

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The performance of the participants was better with the latter method, that is, when their fingers were guided. This inclination has been indicated in other studies where participants held a stylus guided along engraved letter trajectories [8]. Other studies have found that participants can read letters even when they have their fingers guided along trajectories on a flat plane without any embossing or indentations [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…These studies can be classified as 'passive' methods for letter communication. A different sort of approach that lets the reader 'actively' read letters by touching embossed letters [6], [7] with the fingers or engraved letters with a stylus [8] has also been reported. Unfortunately, these 'passive' and 'active' techniques, by and large, indicate that an accurate perception of the letters is achieved only when they are considerably large and displayed for at least several seconds (and sometimes repeatedly as many times as the readers want).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Character Reading via Stylus Reproducing Normal Handwriting Motion

Hasegawa¹,

Sakurai²,

Makino³

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Haptics

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In this paper, we report a method of intuitively transmitting symbolic information to untrained users via only their hands, without using any visual or auditory cues. In this simple concept, three-dimensional letter trajectories are presented to the user's hand via a stylus which is mechanically manipulated. In experiments, participants were able to read 14 mm-high lower-case letters displayed at a rate of one letter per second with an accuracy rate of 71.9 percent in their first trials, which improved to 91.3 percent after a 5-minute training period. These results showed small individual differences among participants (standard deviation of 12.7 percent in the first trials and 6.7 percent after training). We also found that this accuracy was still retained to a high level (85.1 percent, with SD of 8.2 percent) even when the letters were reduced to a height of 7 mm. Thus, we revealed that sighted adults potentially possess the ability to read small letters accurately at normal writing speed using their hands.

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