Character Reading via Stylus Reproducing Normal Handwriting Motion

Abstract

In this paper, we report a method of intuitively transmitting symbolic information to untrained users via only their hands, without using any visual or auditory cues. In this simple concept, three-dimensional letter trajectories are presented to the user's hand via a stylus which is mechanically manipulated. In experiments, participants were able to read 14 mm-high lower-case letters displayed at a rate of one letter per second with an accuracy rate of 71.9 percent in their first trials, which improved to 91.3 percent after a 5-minute training period. These results showed small individual differences among participants (standard deviation of 12.7 percent in the first trials and 6.7 percent after training). We also found that this accuracy was still retained to a high level (85.1 percent, with SD of 8.2 percent) even when the letters were reduced to a height of 7 mm. Thus, we revealed that sighted adults potentially possess the ability to read small letters accurately at normal writing speed using their hands.

Experiment Study for Wrist-Wearable Electro-Tactile Display

“…Portable and refreshable character expression remains a great challenge in tactile rendering. Compared to previous character recognition systems, such as that having a recognition success rate of 76.2% for large (52 mm) and 56.4% for small (20 mm) English characters with an electro-tactile display of 63 (7 × 9) electrodes with 2-mm center intervals using a single finger [25], and that with a success rate of 71.9% for lower-case English characters (14 mm high, one letter per second) and 91.3% after a 5-min training period with a stylus-writing-on-hand system [26], the average success rate of simple Chinese and English characters and 26 English characters' recognition was about 95% and 82%, respectively, for the proposed tactile display system. These experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.…”

Handheld Haptic Alphabet Display Presenting Letter Trajectories to Fingers

“…と鏡文字が提示されるため"p"と"q"や"s"と"z"などのペアがよ り紛らわしくなったために生じたものと考えられる． 他の条件間では有意差がなかったことから，デバイスの空 中把持や，つまみでなくトレース運動で読むことは，正答率に 影響を与えないといえる． "s"と"g"，"u"と"q"，"x"と"y"など，間違えやすい文字のペア が存在した．これらは部分的に似ている部分があるペアであ り，関連研究 [8,12]…”