Influence of Water Stress on Morphology, Physiology and Yield Contributing Characteristics of Rice

Abstract

Water stress or drought is one of the main reasons behind the lower productivity of rice–a widely popular nutritious cereal crop and the staple food for a large portion of the world’s population. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water stress on three rice varieties e.g. Banglamoti, Vittiatash and Atash balam in a silty clay soil. To identify whether less water affects rice production, rice plants were cultivated under five different water treatments, T1: flooding at 5 cm depth, T2: flooding at 3 cm depth, T3: saturated water condition, T4: water content@75% saturation, and T5: water content @50% saturation, and were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Morphology, yield and physiological parameters of the rice plants were evaluated. Treatment below saturation did not produce any yield for all the rice varieties studied. All the morphological parameters and yields (e.g. dry weight of plants, plant height, tiller number, panicle number, grain number, grain weight, 1000 seed weight, and harvest index) showed a lower value under water deficient condition. Relative water content and water use efficiency declined with declining water content which represented the variations in their physiological responses to water stress. The grain content per panicle as well as 1000 grain weight of the rice varieties was maximum at saturation condition. Highest harvest index was observed for Vittiatash rice variety at saturated condition. Flooding the soil with either 5 cm or 3 cm depth did not produce any significant change in the studied parameters which indicated that approximately 2 cm water can easily be curtailed which may not affect the production of rice.
 SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 61-71 (2020)

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“…To better understand the drought-caused -E). These results implied that liverwort M. polymorpha exhibited growth defects coupled with photosynthetic pigments degradation in response to physiological drought, as commonly observed in angiosperms under drought conditions (Zhao et al, 2020;Hossain et al, 2020) Drought-induced increment in the levels of H 2 O 2 , lipid peroxidation product (MDA) and electrolyte leakage in M. polymorpha Drought commonly induces the production of excessive ROS, including H 2 O 2 , which is involved in lipid peroxidation-mediated disintegration of membrane structure (Sachdev et al, 2021). To observe whether drought induces oxidative damage in M. polymorpha, we assessed the status of several oxidative stress indicators, including H 2 O 2 , MDA and electrolyte leakage in the gemmalings of M. polymorpha.…”

Assessment of Some Agro-Physiological Traits and Genetic Markers in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Normal and Water Stress Conditions

“…Among lines and testers, the three varieties; Sakha 108, Sakha 104 and WAB 96-1-1 exhibited the highest photosynthetic pigments under non-stress condition, while the parental variety Sakha107 gave the highest mean values under water stress condition. Relative water content (RWC) also decreased for all studied genotypes under water stress compared to non-stress conditions (Hossain et al, 2020). RWC is a very significant tool for plant water status screening, also had a powerful constructive correlation with yield (Hassanzadeh et al, 2009).…”

“…Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major and staple food crop in many parts of the world, feeding more than three billion people and providing 50-80 % of their daily calories intake (Muthayya et al, 2014). Shortage of water for irrigation is one of the most crucial factors limiting growth and production of almost all the crops, including rice worldwide (Hossain et al, 2020). Drought stress severely impairs its production, when exposed to water stress at critical growth stages, particularly at the reproductive stage; it is a drought-susceptible crop with serious deleterious effects (Suriyan et al, 2010).…”

“…Relative water content (RWC) had a powerful and positive yield correlation, RWC measurements display the magnitude of stress and use as a screening method for the status of plant water, which decreased with drought stress. The leaf temperature increased with increasing water stress (Hossain et al, 2020). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important secondary signaling molecules that regulate normal plant growth, and responses to stress.…”

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