Influence of water-soluble polymers/new fluorochemical surfactants interaction according to extinguishing efficiency of multipurpose foam compounds

Method for the determination of sub-ppm concentrations of perfluoroalkylsulfonate anions in water

“…Samples were introduced into the LCQ Duo by continuous infusion from a syringe and into the Quattro by flow injection from a 10 mL sample loop. Results were similar for both instruments with the exception that the Fisons instrument had slightly lower detection and quantification limits (3 mg L 21 and 5 mg L 21 , respectively) although it also had higher relative errors. Standard-addition experiments were conducted using only the Finnigan LCQ Duo instrument.…”

“…The method is simpler and less time consuming because these matrixes are significantly less complex than blood serum, whole tissue, and surface water. The linear-response range for PFOS is 25.0 mg L 21 to 2.5 mg L 21 . The lower limit is three orders of magnitude lower than the lower limit for the HPLC method discussed above.…”

“…The 3M Company recently announced that it is discontinuing production and distribution of perfluorooctylsulfonate-based products because of the suspected toxicity of C 8 F 17 SO 3 2 (PFOS) and the persistence of some PFOS-based chemicals in workers, in animals, and in the environment. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The singledose LD 50 of tetraethylammonium perfluorooctylsulfonate for Wistar rats has long been known to be 190 mg kg 21 . 3 In a recent 3M study, however, more than one-third of the rat pups whose mothers were fed only 1.6 mg kg 21 per day during pregnancy died within four days of birth.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The singledose LD 50 of tetraethylammonium perfluorooctylsulfonate for Wistar rats has long been known to be 190 mg kg 21 . 3 In a recent 3M study, however, more than one-third of the rat pups whose mothers were fed only 1.6 mg kg 21 per day during pregnancy died within four days of birth. 4 Although the mechanism(s) of toxicity is not known, the persistence of PFOS in the environment is probably related to the inert nature of C-F bonds in perfluoroalkyl chains.…”

“…AFFF's are especially effective at extinguishing liquid-fuel fires and have been used extensively at military and civilian fire-fighting training facilities as well as at military airfields and municipal airports. 12,[19][20][21][22][23] In a recent seminal study, Moody and Field detected and quantified several perfluoroalkylcarboxylate anions at concentrations between 125 mg L 21 and 7.1 mg L 21 in groundwater contaminated with untreated AFFF wastewater at Naval Air Station Fallon, NV, and at Tyndall Air Force Base, Panama City, FL. 24 Their study confirmed two earlier reports that tentatively identified ''fluorinated surfactants'' in groundwater at the Tyndall site.…”