Influence of walking speed on gait parameters

Kirtley, Chris; Whittle, Michael W.; Jefferson, R J

doi:10.1016/0141-5425(85)90055-x

Cited by 399 publications

(287 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In a similar study of intraarticular injections of lidocaine and steroid (Shrader et al 2004), no changes in joint kinematics were observed. This observation is probably due to an increase in walking speed following pain relief, which has been shown to affect knee joint angles at heel strike (Kirtley et al 1985). In a study of long-term (4-week) osteoarthritic knee pain relief from a daily dose of 20 mg piroxicam, changes in knee joint angles at heel strike were similar to those seen in our results (Schnitzer et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis

et al. 2006

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Background Impulsive forces in the knee joint have been suspected to be a co-factor in the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. We thus evaluated the impulsive sagittal ground reaction forces (iGRF), shock waves and lower extremity joint kinematics at heel strike during walking in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and compared them to those in healthy subjects.Subjects and methods We studied 9 OA patients and 10 healthy subjects using three-dimensional gait analyses concentrated on the heel strike. Impulse GRF (iGRF) was measured together with peak accelerations (PA) at the tibial tuberosity and sacrum. Sagittal lower extremity joint angles at heel strike were extracted from the gait analyses. As OA is painful and pain might alter movement strategies, the patient group was also evaluated following pain relief by intraarticular lidocaine injections.Results The two groups showed similar iGRF, similar tibial and sacral PA, and similar joint angles at heel strike. Following pain relief, the OA patients struck the ground with more extended hip and knee joints and lower tibial PA compared to the painful condition. Although such changes occurred after pain relief, all parameters were within their normal ranges.Interpretation OA patients and healthy subjects show similar impulse-forces and joint kinematics at heel strike. Following pain relief in the patient group, changes in tibial PA and in hip and knee joint angles were observed but these were still within the normal range. Our findings make us question the hypothesis that impulse-forces generated at heel strike during walking contribute to progression of OA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis

et al. 2006

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“…Walking speed was controlled in this study because the self-selected walking speeds in subjects with DM and neuropathy are typically significantly slower than non-diabetic controls [12,28,29]. Walking speed influences ankle kinematics and kinetics [14,15] and also differentially affects plantar pressures in different regions of the foot [16][17][18].…”

Section: Gait Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these studies do not control walking speed, which can influence both ankle motion [14,15] and plantar loading during gait [16][17][18]. Walking speed thus emerges as a confounding factor, rendering interpretation of purported results difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle ROM and stiffness measured at rest and during gait in individuals with and without diabetic sensory neuropathy

2006

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Introduction-The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) and stiffness measured at rest (passively) and plantar loading during gait in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) and sensory neuropathy. Specifically, we sought to address three questions for this at-risk patient population: (1) Does peak passive DF ROM predict ankle DF ROM used during gait? (2) Does passive ankle stiffness predict ankle stiffness used during gait? (3) Are any of the passive or gait-related ankle measures associated with plantar loading?Methods-Ten subjects with DM and 10 age and gender matched non-diabetic control subjects participated in this study. Passive ankle DF ROM and stiffness were measured with the Iowa Ankle ROM device. Kinematic, kinetic and plantar pressure data were collected as subjects walked at 0.89 m/s.Results-We found that subjects with DM have reduced passive ankle DF ROM and increased stiffness compared to non-diabetic control subjects, however, subjects with DM demonstrated ankle motion, stiffness and plantar pressures, similar to control subjects, while walking at the identical speed, 0.89 m/s (2 mph). These data indicate that clinical measures of heel cord tightness and stiffness do not represent ankle motion or stiffness utilized during gait. Our findings suggest that subjects with DM utilize strategies such as shortening their stride length and reducing their push-off power to modulate plantar loading.

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“…Even in those studies that state significance, the predictability of the knee angle is found to be low, with R² values of about 0.43 [19,20]. Many of these studies report high intersubject variability, which explains the low R² values [13,19,22] 24.5°/m/s. As the literature cannot be used to predict the knee angle at different velocities, the angles of the contralateral side were used to evaluate the swing phase flexion behavior of the knee joints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Some studies have reported a significant correlation [19,20,22]; others claim that the knee angle does not vary significantly [13,34] across walking speeds. Even in those studies that state significance, the predictability of the knee angle is found to be low, with R² values of about 0.43 [19,20]. Many of these studies report high intersubject variability, which explains the low R² values [13,19,22] 24.5°/m/s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designs and performance of microprocessor-controlled knee joints

Thiele

Westebbe

Bellmann

et al. 2014

Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering

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Abstract:In this comparative study, three transfemoral amputee subjects were fitted with four different microprocessor-controlled exoprosthetic knee joints (MPK): C-Leg, Orion, Plié2.0, and Rel-K. In a motion analysis laboratory, objective gait measures were acquired during level walking at different velocities. Subsequent technical analyses, which involved X-ray computed tomography, identified the functional mechanisms of each device and enabled corroboration of the performance in the gait laboratory by the engineering design of the MPK. Gait measures showed that the mean increase of the maximum knee flexion angle at different walking velocities was closest in value to the unaffected contralateral knee (6.2°/m/s) with C-Leg (3.5°/m/s; Rel-K 17.0°/m/s, Orion 18.3°/m/s, and Plié2.0 28.1°/m/s). Technical analyses corroborated that only with Plié2.0 the flexion resistances were not regulated by microprocessor control at different walking velocities. The muscular effort for the initiation of the swing phase, measured by the minimum hip moment, was found to be lowest with C-Leg . Reaching the extension stop at the end of swing phase was reliably executed with both Plié2.0 and C-Leg. Abrupt terminal stance phase extension observed with Plié2.0 and Rel-K could be attributed to the absence of microprocessor control of extension resistance.

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Influence of walking speed on gait parameters

Cited by 399 publications

References 16 publications

Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Ankle ROM and stiffness measured at rest and during gait in individuals with and without diabetic sensory neuropathy

Designs and performance of microprocessor-controlled knee joints

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