Search citation statements
Paper Sections
Citation Types
Year Published
Publication Types
Relationship
Authors
Journals
False cleavers (Galium spurium L.) is an annual broadleaf weed, commonly found in cereal crops around the world. It reduces crop yields mainly by the competition for nutrients and plant lodging, which decreases the photosynthetic rate of cultivated plants. Two field experiments were carried out in different locations to examine the efficacy of post-emergence herbicides against false cleavers in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Herbicides that belong to sulfonylureas, triazolopyrimidines, and other groups (e.g., nitriles and synthetic auxins) were applied. The results revealed that the herbicide florasulam + aminopyralid provided low efficacy (57%) against this weed species, while the most effective herbicides were bromoxynil + 2,4-D and halauxifen-methyl + florasulam. Bromoxynil + 2,4-D efficacy against false cleavers was 73% and 97% at Domokos and Velestino, respectively, while halauxifen-methyl + florasulam efficacy ranged between 89% and 97%. Moreover, the herbicides metsulfuron-methyl + bensulfuron-methyl and pyroxsulam/florasulam + 2,4-D provided low efficacy (<11%) against false cleavers, revealing resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Regarding the impact of false cleavers and other weed species on the growth of durum wheat, the results showed that the greatest dry biomass (8508.3–8922.7 kg ha−1 and 13,041.4–13,523 kg ha−1 at Domokos and Velestino, respectively) was found in the bromoxynil + 2,4-D, halauxifen-methyl + florasulam, and weed-free treatments. Similar results were also recorded for 1000-seed weights and crop yields, while there were no statistically significant differences among the treatments for spike length. Finally, our results revealed that the herbicides bromoxynil + 2,4-D and halauxifen-methyl + florasulam effectively controlled the resistant false cleavers population. However, it is important to note that halauxifen-methyl + florasulam was recently registered in Greece and other countries and, thus, should be used sensibly by farmers in a rotation with other herbicides to prevent the development of resistant populations.
False cleavers (Galium spurium L.) is an annual broadleaf weed, commonly found in cereal crops around the world. It reduces crop yields mainly by the competition for nutrients and plant lodging, which decreases the photosynthetic rate of cultivated plants. Two field experiments were carried out in different locations to examine the efficacy of post-emergence herbicides against false cleavers in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Herbicides that belong to sulfonylureas, triazolopyrimidines, and other groups (e.g., nitriles and synthetic auxins) were applied. The results revealed that the herbicide florasulam + aminopyralid provided low efficacy (57%) against this weed species, while the most effective herbicides were bromoxynil + 2,4-D and halauxifen-methyl + florasulam. Bromoxynil + 2,4-D efficacy against false cleavers was 73% and 97% at Domokos and Velestino, respectively, while halauxifen-methyl + florasulam efficacy ranged between 89% and 97%. Moreover, the herbicides metsulfuron-methyl + bensulfuron-methyl and pyroxsulam/florasulam + 2,4-D provided low efficacy (<11%) against false cleavers, revealing resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Regarding the impact of false cleavers and other weed species on the growth of durum wheat, the results showed that the greatest dry biomass (8508.3–8922.7 kg ha−1 and 13,041.4–13,523 kg ha−1 at Domokos and Velestino, respectively) was found in the bromoxynil + 2,4-D, halauxifen-methyl + florasulam, and weed-free treatments. Similar results were also recorded for 1000-seed weights and crop yields, while there were no statistically significant differences among the treatments for spike length. Finally, our results revealed that the herbicides bromoxynil + 2,4-D and halauxifen-methyl + florasulam effectively controlled the resistant false cleavers population. However, it is important to note that halauxifen-methyl + florasulam was recently registered in Greece and other countries and, thus, should be used sensibly by farmers in a rotation with other herbicides to prevent the development of resistant populations.
Milk thistle besides being a highly competitive weed is cultivated as a medicinal plant, and the seeds of which have been clinically utilized in several disorders caused in liver. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of duration and storage conditions, population, and temperature on seed germination. The experiment was conducted in Petri dishes with three replications and three factors: (a) wild populations of milk thistle (Palaionterveno, Mesopotamia, and Spata) originating from Greece, (b) duration and storage conditions (5 months at room temperature, 17 months at room temperature, and 29 months in the freezer at −18 °C), and (c) temperature (5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C). All three factors significantly affected germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), radicle length (RL), and hypocotyl length (HL) and significant interactions among the treatments were noted. In specific, no seed germination was recorded at 5 °C, while the populations showed higher GP and GI at 20 °C and 25 °C after 5 months of storage. Prolonged storage negatively affected seed germination although, cold storage mitigated this effect. Moreover, higher temperatures reduced MGT and increased RL and HL with the populations reacting differently in storage and temperature regimes. The results of this study should be taken into consideration when proposing the appropriate sowing date and storage conditions of the seeds used as propagation material for crop establishment. Moreover, the effects of low temperatures such as 5 °C or 10 °C on seed germination as well as the high decline rate in germination percentage over time could be utilized in the design of integrated weed management systems thereby indicating the importance of the sowing time and the suitable crop rotation system to weed control.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.