Influence of Two Garlic-Derived Compounds, Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTS) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTSO), on Growth and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium Species In Vitro and in Stored Cereals

Abstract

Two garlic-derived compounds, Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTS) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTSO), were examined for their efficacy against mycotoxigenic Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. verticillioides). The objectives were to assess the inhibitory effect of these compounds on growth and mycotoxin production in vitro, and in situ in artificially inoculated wheat, oats and maize with one isolate of each respectively, at different water activity (aw) conditions when stored for up to 20 days at 25 °C. In vitro, 200 ppm of either PTS or PTSO reduced fungal growth by 50–100% and mycotoxin production by >90% depending on species, mycotoxin and aw conditions on milled wheat, oats and maize respectively. PTS was generally more effective than PTSO. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were decreased by 50% with 80 ppm PTSO. One-hundred ppm of PTS reduced DON and ZEN production in wheat stored at 0.93 aw for 20 days, although contamination was still above the legislative limits. Contrasting effects on T-2/HT-2 toxin contamination of oats was found depending on aw, with PTS stimulating production under marginal conditions (0.93 aw), but at 0.95 aw effective control was achieved with 100 ppm. Treatment of stored maize inoculated with F. verticilliodies resulted in a stimulation of total fumonsins in most treatments. The potential use of such compounds for mycotoxin control in stored commodities is discussed.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression of Chitinase Class I Genes in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cultivars Resistant and Susceptible to Fusarium proliferatum

“…Fusarium infections are suppressed with fungicides, the use of resistant cultivars, and the intercropping of Allium spp., which is considered an effective method of Fusarium biological control [ 6 , 7 ]. It has been shown that Fusarium growth can be suppressed by antifungal volatiles such as 2-methyl-2-pentenal and organosulfur compounds and non-volatiles such as spirostanol, furostanol, and steroidal saponins produced by Allium roots [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], as well as by Flavobacterium spp. accumulated in Allium rhizospheres [ 13 ].…”

Therapeutic Potential of Allicin and Aged Garlic Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…In recent years, garlic organosulfur derivatives and garlic supplements have been shown to negatively affect the growth of tumor cells and the risk of cancer [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Antimicrobial, antiviral, and fungitoxicity activities against different pathogens have also been demonstrated [20][21][22][23][24].…”

In Vitro Toxicity Studies of Bioactive Organosulfur Compounds from Allium spp. with Potential Application in the Agri-Food Industry: A Review

“…Several OSCs, such as propyl-propane-thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) have a potential application in maize storage, mainly due to their antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity. They could be used in concentrations in the order of parts per million to reduce up to 90% the concentrations of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium [ 18 ]. Moreover, due to their antioxidant and antibacterial activities, PTSO and PTS inserted in a synthetic matrix have been also proposed for usage in active food-packaging to better preserve salads [ 19 , 20 ].…”