Influence of Tillage Systems and Residue Levels on Runoff, Sediment, and Phosphorus Losses

Mostaghimi, Saied; Dillaha, Theo A.; Shanholtz, V. O.

doi:10.13031/2013.30677

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The mulching techniques evaluated in our study were the result of real life management practices, to try to reflect farmers' typical field management in the study region. In contrast to this, the various studies which achieved lower soil loss from treatments with straw mulch compared to conventional tillage treatments artificially applied mulch residues with predefined mass values or cover percentages (Barton et al, 2004;Bhatt and Khera, 2006;Mostaghimi et al, 1988) thus providing sufficient cover to the soil surface.…”

Section: Rainfall Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Crop residues are known to increase organic matter content, and improve aggregate stability and infiltration. A significant correlation between the percentage of soil cover (crop residues, organic or synthetic mulch) and soil loss is also presented in the literature (Armand et al, 2009;Mostaghimi et al, 1988;Myers and Wagger, 1996;Poesen and Lavee, 1991). Despite the importance of soil cover for conservation agriculture, there is limited data available that quantitatively evaluates the effects of conservation agriculture, and the factors that influence it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common approach is to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation agriculture based on well-defined percentages of soil cover which are applied to the experimental plots. Examples of this approach are the work of Cogo et al (1984), Mostaghimi et al (1988) or Meyer et al (1970), who all examined the effectiveness of conservation agriculture by employing different predefined mulch rates. Numerous other studies employ a similar methodology (Adekalu et al, 2006;Atreya et al, 2008;Bhatt and Khera, 2006;Cruse et al, 2001;Edwards et al, 2000;Jordán et al, 2010;Leys et al, 2010;Singer and Blackard, 1978;Smolikowski et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation tillage practices in the alpine forelands of Austria — Are they effective?

Hösl

Strauß

2016

CATENA

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If it comes to the advantages of conservation tillage practices, a considerable amount of evidence supports positive effects towards reduction of surface runoff and soil erosion. However studies concerning arable land frequently are conducted under ideal laboratory conditions or "controlled" field conditions, meaning that the experimental approaches were not managed by farmers in the way they usually perform conservation tillage but managed towards an optimisation of the tested features. In addition, applicability of different existing conservation tillage techniques such as no tillage or mulching may be regionally different. The alpine forelands of Central Europe are dominated by small scale farming systems which frequently have limited access to special machinery which is needed to successfully implement no tillage treatments. We therefore carried out rainfall simulation experiments employing conservation tillage practices to test the effectiveness of actual real life conservation tillage methods under conditions prevailing in the alpine forelands of Central Europe. Experiments were carried out in the years 2011 and 2012 for testing the relative performance of different mulching and no tillage treatments on surface runoff and erosion. The tested treatments for the year 2011 were a) no tillage with prior rough seedbed (NT1), b) no tillage with prior fine seedbed (NT2), c) mulching with rotary harrow (M1), d) mulching with rotary harrow and disc harrow (M2) and e) conventional tillage (CT11). The tested treatments for the year 2012 were a) combined mulching (MC), b) mulching with loosened wheel tracks (M−T), c) mulching without loosened wheel tracks (M+T) and d) conventional tillage (CT12). In 2011, total surface runoff and total soil loss for the different treatments were ordered as follows: NT1 b NT2 b CT11 b M1 b M2. No significant differences for total soil loss could be identified. For total surface runoff differences were significant (p b 0.05) between all treatments, except for NT2 and CT11. The treatments also differed with respect to runoff initiation, sediment concentrations and shear stress. As a main reason for the unexpected bad performance of the mulching treatments M1 and M2 lack of sufficient soil cover (M1: 6%, M2: 11%) together with shallow surface cultivation were identified. In 2012, total surface runoff and total soil loss for the different treatments were ordered as follows: MC b M−T b CT12 b M+T. Although there were a visible trend in these results, significant differences could only be observed for total surface runoff between treatments MC and M+T (p b 0.05). We attribute the good performance of treatment MC to the improved soil cover (25%). Wheel tracks of treatment M+T obviously had influenced soil erosion and surface runoff. Under real life conditions of agricultural conservation practices in small scale farming systems, a sufficient soil cover was not obtained for mulching treatments in 2011 and only partially in 2012. In contrast to the vast majority of literature that stresses the p...

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Section: Rainfall Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation tillage practices in the alpine forelands of Austria — Are they effective?

Hösl

Strauß

2016

CATENA

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“…Average time before runoff began during the first irrigation on bare, untreated soil was 4.5 min compared to 10 min on strawcovered soil. The increased infiltration on straw-covered soil probably caused the readily desorbed phosphorus on the straw and surface soil to leach into the soil profile (Baker and Laflen, 1982;Mostaghimi et al, 1988;Pote et al, 1999), removing it from the primary mixing zone where phosphorus is transferred to runoff water (Zhang et al, 1999).…”

Section: Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Sprinkler Irrigation Runoff, Erosion, and Phosphorus Loss With Straw and Polyacrylamide

Bjorneberg¹,

Aase²,

Westermann³

2000

Transactions of the ASAE

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“…Compared to conventional tillage, ridge-tillage and no-tillage reduced soil loss by 30-40 per cent and 90 per cent, respectively. A significant decline in surface runoff occurred with less soil disturbance and more residue cover, which was a key reason for the reduction in soil loss (Belvins et al, 1990;Mostaghimi et al, 1988;Seta et al, 1993). Significantly more soil erosion loss occurred under conventional tillage with soybeans as a crop than on corn fields, with about 1Á5-2-fold more.…”

Section: Soil Loss and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black soil degradation by rainfall erosion in Jilin, China

et al. 2003

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Black soils, originally characterized by a deep, dark A-horizon, are widespread in the Northeast Plain of China and have been one of the most fertile agricultural resources in the country. However, more than a half-century of intensified management degraded its productivity, mainly with the loss of the dark-coloured A-horizon by rainfall erosion. Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), the rainfall erosion losses of black soils in YuShu and DeHui counties of Jilin Province were estimated. The rate of loss of thickness of the A-horizon of black soils and the time over which the A-horizons of some black soils in the region might be lost were evaluated. The results showed that about 4-45 t ha À1 topsoil could have been lost each year under corn (Zea mays L.) production. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) production would double the losses. Soil losses were directly related to soil type, tillage practices and crop grain yields. The thickness of the A-horizon of black soils in the region decreased at rates of 0Á5-4Á5 mm yr À1, depending on soil type and management practices. Corn production may have resulted in an annual loss of 8Á3 million tonnes of topsoil from black soils alone in Jilin Province; soybean production could have greatly increased this loss. Traditional intensified farming can accelerate the degradation of black soils; conservation tillage has great potential to prevent rainfall erosion losses for the same soils. Accordingly, to preserve and restore the productivity of black soils, conservation tillage is appropriate and should be adopted in Jilin.

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Influence of Tillage Systems and Residue Levels on Runoff, Sediment, and Phosphorus Losses

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Conservation tillage practices in the alpine forelands of Austria — Are they effective?

Conservation tillage practices in the alpine forelands of Austria — Are they effective?

Controlling Sprinkler Irrigation Runoff, Erosion, and Phosphorus Loss With Straw and Polyacrylamide

Black soil degradation by rainfall erosion in Jilin, China

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