Influence of the β-phase content and degree of crystallinity on the piezo- and ferroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Gomes, J. M.; Nunes, J. Serrado; Sencadas, Vítor; Lanceros‐Méndez, S.

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/19/6/065010

Cited by 397 publications

(366 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Thus it may be argued that the less organized structure that exists in the unpoled PVDF film will give rise to inferior mechanical performance of the material. The results of our study indicate that the poled fibres have somewhat superior mechanical properties than its unpoled counterpart, which is in agreement with the findings of the other studies on piezoelectric PVDF [23][24][25] …”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 93%

Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications

Hadimani

Bayramol

Sion

et al. 2013

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Polymers have been widely used as piezoelectric materials in the form of films and bulk materials but there are limited publications on piezoelectric fibre structures. In this paper the process of preparing piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibres from granules by continuous melt extrusion and in-line poling is reported for the first time. The poling of PVDF fibres was carried out at an extension ratio of 4:1, a temperature of 80 •C and a high voltage of the order of 13 000 V on a 0.5 mm diameter fibre in a melt extruder. The entire process of making PVDF fibres from granules and poling them to make piezoelectric fibres was carried out in a continuous process using a customized melt extruder. The prepared piezoelectric fibres were then tested using an impact test rig to show the generation of voltage upon application of an impact load. PVDF granules, unpoled fibres and poled fibres were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which showed the presence of β phase in the poled fibres. The ultimate tensile stress and strain, Young's modulus and microstructures of poled and unpoled fibres were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Abstract. Polymers have been widely used as piezoelectric materials in the form of films and bulk materials but there are limited publications on piezoelectric fibre structures. In this paper the process of preparing piezoelectric Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) fibres from granules by continuous melt extrusion and in-line poling is reported for the first time. The poling of PVDF fibres was carried at an extension ratio of 4:1, temperature of 80 °C and high voltage of the order of 13000 V on a 0.5mm diameter fibre in a melt extruder. The entire process of making PVDF fibres from granules and poling them to make piezoelectric fibres was carried out in a continuous process using a customised melt extruder. The prepared piezoelectric fibres were then tested using an impact test rig to show the generation of voltage upon application of an impact load. PVDF granules, unpoled fibres and poled fibres were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which shows the presence of β phase in the poled fibres. The ultimate tensile stress and strain, Young's modulus and microstructures of poled and unpoled fibres were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 93%

Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications

Hadimani

Bayramol

Sion

et al. 2013

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…All microspheres, pure PVDF and CFO/PVDF composites, show β-phase contents between 65 and 75% and that this value is independent of the CFO content. It is to notice that those β-phase contents are compatible with the maximum piezoelectric response of the polymer, as it has been verified in 33 . In this way, the β-phase formation is mainly attributed to the low solvent evaporation temperature (≤ 60 o C), which mainly leads to the crystallization of the polymer in this phase 15,34 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Then, the piezoelectric response (d33) of the samples was analysed with a wide range d33-meter (model 8000, APC Int Ltd). The ME character of the CFO/PVDF spheres was evaluated by the difference in the piezoelectric response obtained with and without the application of a 220 Oe DC magnetic field (∆d 33 ).…”

Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

et al. 2015

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Magnetoelectric microspheres based on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetostrictive CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO), a novel morphology for polymer-based ME materials, have been developed by an electrospray process. The CFO nanoparticle content in the (3-7 mm diameter) microspheres reaches values up to 27 wt%, despite their concentration in the starting solution reaching values up to 70 wt%. Additionally, the inclusion of magnetostrictive nanoparticles into the polymer spheres has no relevant effect on the piezoelectric b-phase content (z60%), crystallinity (40%) and the onset degradation temperature (460-465 C) of the polymer matrix. The multiferroic microspheres show a maximum piezoelectric response |d33| z 30 pC N1, leading to a magnetoelectric response of D|d33| z 5 pC N1 obtained when a 220 mT DC magnetic field was applied. It is also shown that the interface between CFO nanoparticles and PVDF (from 0 to 55%) has a strong influence on the ME response of the microspheres. The simplicity and the scalability of the processing method suggest a large application potential of this novel magnetoelectric geometry in areas such as tissue engineering, sensors and actuators. Magnetoelectric microspheres based on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetrostrictive CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO), a novel morphology for polymer-based ME material, have been developed by an electrospray process. The CFO nanoparticles content in the (3 -7 µm diameter) microspheres reaches values up to 27 wt.%, despite their concentration in the starting solution reaching values up to 70 wt.%. Additionally, the inclusion of magnetostrictive nanoparticles into the polymer spheres has no relevant effect on the piezoelectric β-phase content (≈60%), crystallinity (40%) and the onset degradatio n temperature (460º-465ºC) of the polymer matrix. The multiferroic microspeheres show a maximum piezoelectric reponse |d33|≈30 pC.N -1 , leading to a magnetoelectric response of ∆|d33|≈5 pC.N -1 obtained when a 220 mT DC magnetic field was applied. It is also shown that the interface between CFO nanoparticles and PVDF (from 0 to 55%) has a strong influence on the ME response of the microspheres. The simplicity and the scalability of the processing method suggest a large application potential of this novel mag netoelectric geometry in areas such as tissue engineering, sensors and actuators.

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“…[28] This phase transformation has been reported to take place at temperatures above 70 ºC in PVDF and has been related to the increase of cooperative segmental motions within the crystalline fraction. [29] It is to notice, nevertheless, that this decrease of ~20% of the -phase content does not represent a significant reduction of the electroactive performance of the material.…”

Section: Effect Of Plasma Treatment On Pvdf Fiber Morphologymentioning

confidence: 89%

Influence of oxygen plasma treatment parameters on poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fiber mats wettability

Correia

Ribeiro

Sencadas

et al. 2015

Progress in Organic Coatings

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Lanceros-Méndez, S. (2015). Influence of oxygen plasma treatment parameters on poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fiber mats wettability. Progress in Organic Coatings, 85 151-158.Influence of oxygen plasma treatment parameters on poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fiber mats wettability AbstractElectrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fiber mats found applications in an increasing number of areas, such as battery separators, filtration and detection membranes, due to their excellent properties. However, there are limitations due to the hydrophobic nature and low surface energy of PVDF. In this work, oxygen plasma treatment has been applied in order to modify the surface wettability of PVDF fiber mats and superhydrophilic PVDF electrospun membranes have been obtained. Further, plasma treatment does not significantly influences fiber average size (~400 ± 200 nm), morphology, electroactive B-phase content (~80-85%) or the degree of crystallinity (Xc of 42 ± 2%), allowing to maintain the excellent physic-chemical characteristics of PVDF. Plasma treatment mainly induces surface chemistry modifications, such as the introduction of oxygen and release of fluorine atoms that significantly changes polymer membrane wettability by a reduction of the contact angle of the polymer fibers and an overall decrease of the surface tension of the membranes.

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Influence of the β-phase content and degree of crystallinity on the piezo- and ferroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Cited by 397 publications

References 30 publications

Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications

Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

Influence of oxygen plasma treatment parameters on poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fiber mats wettability

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Influence of the β-phase content and degree of crystallinity on the piezo- and ferroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Cited by 397 publications

References 30 publications

Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications

Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe2O4 /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

Influence of oxygen plasma treatment parameters on poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fiber mats wettability

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Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres