Influence of the valve metal oxide on the properties of ruthenium based mixed oxide electrodes

Performance of a PEM water electrolysis cell using IrxRuyTazO2IrxRuyTazO2 electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution electrode

“…Roginskaya [11]. Likewise, no solid solution phases between Ru and Ta oxides were found on Ru-Ta DSA oxides [12]. Yeo et al suggested that adding Ta 5+ to ruthenium oxides stabilises the ruthenium by preventing the oxidation of the more stable Ru 3+ to the less stable Ru 4+ , and in addition showed that the ternary Ir-Ru-Ta oxide appeared to be more active than pure RuO 2 [13].…”

Surface chemistry of RuO2/IrO2/TiO2 mixed-oxide electrodes: secondary ion mass spectrometric study of the changes induced by electrochemical treatment

“…Due to the non-equilibrium character of microstructural features, e.g. cell-volume swelling, 4 RuO 2 / TiO 2 solid solution range, 5, components distribution [6][7][8] and segregation phenomena, [9][10][11] synthetic conditions strongly affect the physicochemical characteristics of the films. [12][13][14] This can explain the low reproducibility of results, and the poor relationship between preparation, microstructure and surface texture and the electrocatalytic performance of these materials.…”

Electrodeposition of TiO2–RuO2–IrO2 coating on titanium substrate

“…RuO 2 is particularly interesting because of its excellent electro-catalyst properties [11], where IrO 2 is more stable and has the longer service life time [12]. In order to improve the electrocatalyst behavior and the electrode stability, the mixed-oxide of RuO 2 /IrO 2 [13], RuO 2 /TiO 2 , and IrO 2 /TiO 2 have been studied, [14,15]. Moreover, to produce oxide coated electrodes for specific applications, different synthetic methods, e.g., chemical vapor deposition (CVD), hydro-thermal synthesis, electrodeposition, sol-gel, and sputtering, have been investigated, [16][17][18][19].…”