Performance of a PEM water electrolysis cell using IrxRuyTazO2IrxRuyTazO2 electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution electrode

Marshall, A.; Sunde, Svein; Tsypkin, Mikhail; Tunold, R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.02.013

Cited by 334 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Ruthenium dioxide (RuO 2 ), iridium dioxide (IrO 2 ), and mixed oxides containing these two noble metals have been proved to have high electrocatalytic activity for the OER. [171][172][173][174][175][176][177] Ir x Ru y Ta z O 2 as an anode electrocatalyst achieved an overall cell voltage of 1.57 V at 1 A cm −2 at 80 °C, with an energy consumption of 3.75 kWh N m −3 H 2 and efficiency of 94%, for a total noble metal loading of less than 2.04 mg cm −2 . 47 However, there are some non-noble, less expensive metals that also present electrocatalytic activity and are being introduced for use in oxygen [178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185] and hydrogen 165,166,[186][187][188][189][190][191] evolution reactions.…”

Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis

Santos¹,

Sequeira²,

Figueiredo³

2013

Quím. Nova

375

226

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Recebido em 13/12/12; aceito em 28/5/13; publicado na web em 17/7/13Water electrolysis is one of the simplest methods used for hydrogen production. It has the advantage of being able to produce hydrogen using only renewable energy. To expand the use of water electrolysis, it is mandatory to reduce energy consumption, cost, and maintenance of current electrolyzers, and, on the other hand, to increase their efficiency, durability, and safety. In this study, modern technologies for hydrogen production by water electrolysis have been investigated. In this article, the electrochemical fundamentals of alkaline water electrolysis are explained and the main process constraints (e.g., electrical, reaction, and transport) are analyzed. The historical background of water electrolysis is described, different technologies are compared, and main research needs for the development of water electrolysis technologies are discussed.

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Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis

Santos¹,

Sequeira²,

Figueiredo³

2013

Quím. Nova

375

226

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“…[34][35][36][37] In this study, an electrolyzer efficiency of 73.0% and a DC-to-DC converter efficiency of 85% (representative of values for converters that need to perform dynamic maximum power point tracking on the input DC power from the PV array as well as independent tracking on the output DC power that is supplied to the electrolyzer to insure maximum electrolyzer efficiency) were used in the calculation. The efficiency of the PV was chosen to be the detailed balance limit, for the same tandem photoabsorber system with the same bandgap combination.…”

Section: Comparison To Photovoltaic Cell In Series With An Electrolyzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Performance of an Integrated Photoelectrolysis System with 10 × Solar Concentrators

Chen

Xiang

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Two designs for an integrated photoelectrolysis system that uses a 10× concentrating solar collector have been investigated in detail. The system performance was evaluated using a multi-physics model that accounted for the properties of the tandem photoabsorbers, mass transport, and the electrocatalytic performance of the oxygen-evolution and hydrogen-evolution reactions (OER and HER, respectively). The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies and the ohmic losses associated with proton transport in the solution electrolyte and through the membrane of the photoelectrolysis system were evaluated systematically as a function of the cell dimensions, the operating temperatures, the bandgap combinations of the tandem cell, and the performance of both the photoabsorbers and electrocatalysts. Relative to designs of optimized systems that would operate without a solar concentrator, the optimized 10× solar concentrator designs possessed larger ohmic losses and exhibited less uniformity in the distribution of the current density along the width of the photoelectrode. To minimize resistive losses while maximizing the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, η STH , both of the designs, a two-dimensional "trough" design and a three-dimensional "bubble wrap" design, required that the electrode width or diameter, respectively, was no larger than a few millimeters. As the size of the electrodes increased beyond this limiting dimension, the η STH became more sensitive to the performance of the photoabsorbers and catalysts. At a fixed electrode dimension, increases in the operating temperature reduced the efficiency of cells with smaller electrodes, due to degradation in the performance of the photoabsorber with increasing temperature. In contrast, cells with larger electrode dimensions showed increases in efficiency as the temperature increased, due to increases in the rates of electrocatalysis and due to enhanced mass transport. The simulations indicted that cells that contained 10% photoabsorber area, and minimal amounts of Nafion or other permselective membranes (i.e. areal coverages and volumetric fractions of only a few percent of the cell), with the remaining area comprised of a suitable, low-cost inert, non porous material (flexible polymers, inert inorganic materials, etc.) should be able to produce high values of η STH , with η STH = 29.8% for an optimized design with a bandgap combination of 1.6 eV/0.9 eV in a tandem photoabsorber system at 350 K. Artificial photosynthesis could provide a promising route to largescale solar energy conversion and storage.1-4 Recent techno-economic studies have evaluated various designs for integrated photoelectrolysis systems, including a very promising system that makes use of concentrated illumination. 5,6 A discrete III-V photovoltaic cell connected electrically in series with a discrete polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer has demonstrated a solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 18% under 500 Suns.7 Although concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) typically i...

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“…These protons are reduced at the cathode to hydrogen gas after travelling through the membrane. It is widely accepted that the anodic reaction requires the largest overpotential and thus the anode electrocatalyst has been the focus of much work [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Typically the anode electrocatalysts for acidic conditions are IrO 2 and RuO 2 based materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic activity of IrO2–RuO2 supported on Sb-doped SnO2 nanoparticles

Marshall

Haverkamp

2010

Electrochimica Acta

180

129

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Electrocatalytic IrO 2 -RuO 2 supported on Sb-doped SnO 2 (ATO) nanoparticles is very active towards the oxygen evolution reaction. The IrO 2 -RuO 2 material is XRD amorphous and exists as clusters on the surface of the ATO.Systematic changes to the surface chemical composition of the ATO as a function of the IrO 2 :RuO 2 ratio suggests an interaction between the IrO 2 -RuO 2 and ATO. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that the electrochemically active surface area of IrO 2 -RuO 2 clusters is maximised when the composition is 75 mol% IrO 2 -25 mol% RuO 2 . Decreasing the loading of IrO 2 -RuO 2 on ATO reduces the electrochemically active surface area, although there is evidence to support a decrease in the clusters size with decreased loading. Tafel slope analysis shows that if the clusters are too small, the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction are reduced. Overall, clusters of IrO 2 -RuO 2 on ATO have similar or better performance for the oxygen evolution reaction than many previously reported materials, despite the low quantity of noble metals used in the electrocatalysts. This suggests that these oxides may be of economic

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Performance of a PEM water electrolysis cell using IrxRuyTazO2IrxRuyTazO2 electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution electrode

Cited by 334 publications

References 23 publications

Hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis

Hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis

Modeling the Performance of an Integrated Photoelectrolysis System with 10 × Solar Concentrators

Electrocatalytic activity of IrO2–RuO2 supported on Sb-doped SnO2 nanoparticles

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