Influence of the Upper Joint Surface and Synovial Lining in the Outcome of Chronic Closed Lock of the Temporomandibular Joint Treated With Arthroscopy

Arthroscopic lysis and lavage in patients with temporomandibular anterior disc displacement without reduction

“…A significant improvement has been noted in the treatment of inflammation compared with the removal of adhesions and degenerative changes 7,11,32 . HAMADA et al reported an increase in fibrous adhesions after arthroscopic lysis and lavage 9 ; even disc reposition may not always be successful 23,28 .…”

Arthroscopy of the Inferior Compartment of the Temporomandibular Joint: A New Perspective

“…Considering that internal derangement (ID) of the TMJ has been considered an abnormal relation of the articular disk with respect to the mandibular condyle, the articular eminence and the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone [10], several studies have focused on the morphologic changes in the upper joint compartment of the TMJ among patients with ID, including intra-articular adhesions (IAs) [11], synovitis and chondromalacia [12,13], or disk perforation. Even, a possible etiopathogenic role for IAs has been attributed to synovitis, as causing fibrin deposition with the formation of fibrous adhesions, or alternatively IAs being the result of hematomas in the synovial membrane.…”

Treatment of Intermittent Locking of the Jaw in Wilkes Stage II Derangement by Arthroscopic Lysis and Lavage

“…32 Review of the literature on arthroscopic lysis and lavage of the TMJ shows that most studies evaluated patients with advanced stages of internal derangement, namely chronic closed lock (corresponding to Wilkes stage IV) and derangement with degenerative changes (corresponding to Wilkes stage V). [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Based on these studies, it is well-established that arthroscopic lysis and lavage is an effective treatment modality for advanced stages of internal derangement (stages IV and V). To the authors' knowledge, there are only 5 studies in the literature that evaluated the efficacy of arthroscopic lysis and lavage in treating specifically mild internal derangement of the TMJ, namely Wilkes stage II.…”

“…[2][3][4] Most studies evaluated patients with advanced stages of internal derangement, namely chronic closed lock (Wilkes stage IV) and derangement with degenerative changes (Wilkes stage V). [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Many studies evaluated various arthroscopic procedures ranging from simple lysis and lavage to advanced operative arthroscopies without differentiation between the different treatments. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Many studies did not report clear diagnoses for the study population or did not differentiate between the different diagnoses and stages when reporting the results.…”