Influence of the Sonic Anemometer Temperature Calibration on Turbulent Heat-Flux Measurements

Manfrin, M.; Ferrarese, S.; Francone, Caterina; Fernicola, Vito; Gavioso, R. M.; Mortarini, Luca

doi:10.1007/s10546-011-9688-z

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2) can be largely attributed to the actual difference in the conductances for momentum and heat (water vapor). The turbulent conductance equation (u * 2 /u) in g A-BM13 is also very sensitive to the uncertainties in the sonic anemometer measurement (Contini et al, 2006;Richiardone et al, 2012). However, the evidence of a weak systematic relationship between the g A residuals and u (Fig.…”

Section: Evaluating G a G C And Surface Energy Balance Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Canopy-scale biophysical controls of transpiration and evaporation in the Amazon Basin

Mallick

Trebs

Boegh

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Canopy and aerodynamic conductances (g C and g A ) are two of the key land surface biophysical variables that control the land surface response of land surface schemes in climate models. Their representation is crucial for predicting transpiration (E T ) and evaporation (λE E ) flux components of the terrestrial latent heat flux (λE), which has important implications for global climate change and water resource management. By physical integration of radiometric surface temperature (T R ) into an integrated framework of the Penman-Monteith and Shuttleworth-Wallace models, we present a novel approach to directly quantify the canopyscale biophysical controls on λE T and λE E over multiple plant functional types (PFTs) in the Amazon Basin. Combining data from six LBA (Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) eddy covariance tower sites and a T R -driven physically based modeling approach, we identified the canopy-scale feedback-response mechanism between g C , λE T , and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (D A ), without using any leaf-scale empirical parameterizations for the modeling. The T R -based model shows minor biophysical control on λE T during the wet (rainy) seasons where λE T becomes predominantly radiation driven and net radiation (R N ) determines 75 to 80 % of the variances of λE T . However, biophysical control on λE T is dramatically increased during the dry seasons, and particularly the 2005 drought year, explaining 50 to 65 % of the variances of λE T , and indicates λE T to be substantially soil moisture driven during the rainfall deficit phase. Despite substantial differences in g A between forests and pastures, very similar canopy-atmosphere "coupling" was found in these two biomes due to soil moistureinduced decrease in g C in the pasture. This revealed the pragmatic aspect of the T R -driven model behavior that exhibits a high sensitivity of g C to per unit change in wetness as opposed to g A that is marginally sensitive to surface wetness variability. Our results reveal the occurrence of a significant hysteresis between λE T and g C during the dry season for the Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4238 K. Mallick et al.: Canopy-scale biophysical controls of transpiration and evaporation in the Amazon Basin pasture sites, which is attributed to relatively low soil water availability as compared to the rainforests, likely due to differences in rooting depth between the two systems. Evaporation was significantly influenced by g A for all the PFTs and across all wetness conditions. Our analytical framework logically captures the responses of g C and g A to changes in atmospheric radiation, D A , and surface radiometric temperature, and thus appears to be promising for the improvement of existing land-surface-atmosphere exchange parameterizations across a range of spatial scales.

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Section: Evaluating G a G C And Surface Energy Balance Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Canopy-scale biophysical controls of transpiration and evaporation in the Amazon Basin

Mallick

Trebs

Boegh

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The complete analysed dataset consisted of 49 complete days. By first analysing the low frequency data, and in particular the radiometer data (Figure 4a), it emerged that only six days have a completely clear-sky (28 September;5,20,22,24 October; 14 November 2018). These days are depicted in the first timeline in Figure 4.…”

Section: Overview Of the Standard Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further considerations may be made taking into account only the standard deviations of the sensible heat flux, which were evaluated with the Stiperski and Rotach method [19] (see Equation (22)). The aim was to compare the three different coordinate rotation methods considering all the data that were at a minimum at the low quality level (zero quality-level data were excluded).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Sensible Heat Flux Standard Deviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Coordinate Rotation Methods in Sonic Anemometer Measurements of Turbulent Fluxes over Complex Mountainous Terrain

2019

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The measurement of turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer is usually performed using fast anemometers and the Eddy Covariance technique. This method has been applied here and investigated in a complex mountainous terrain. A field campaign has recently been conducted at Alpe Veglia (the Central-Western Italian Alps, 1746 m a.s.l.) where both standard and micrometeorological data were collected. The measured values obtained from an ultrasonic anemometer were analysed using a filtering procedure and three different coordinate rotation procedures: Double (DR), Triple Rotation (TR) and Planar Fit (PF) on moving temporal windows of 30 and 60 min. A quality assessment was performed on the sensible heat and momentum fluxes and the results show that the measured turbulent fluxes at Alpe Veglia were of a medium-high quality level and rarely passed the stationary flow test. A comparison of the three coordinate procedures, using quality assessment and sensible heat flux standard deviations, revealed that DR and TR were comparable, with significant differences, mainly under low-wind conditions. The PF method failed to satisfy the physical requirement for the multiple planarity of the flow, due to the complexity of the mountainous terrain.

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“…Humidity strongly affects the transmission of ultrasound, and for meteorology there is also the effect of precipitation on the sensor. It is therefore of great importance in the testing (calibration) of sonic anemometers to be able to quantify and control the water vapor concentration within the chamber as well as air temperature (Richiardone et al 2012). This is of particular importance to advanced sonic anemometers developed for low pressure (high altitude) operation (Banfield et al 2012); see section 5.…”

Section: E Sonic Anemometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Environmental Wind Tunnel Facility for Testing Meteorological Sensor Systems

Holstein-Rathlou

Merrison

Iversen

et al. 2014

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Reliable and accurate environmental sensing is a cornerstone of modern meteorology. This paper presents a laboratory environmental simulator capable of reproducing extreme environments and performing tests and calibrations of meteorological sensor systems under controlled conditions. This facility is available to the research community as well as industry and is intended to encourage advancement in the field of sensor metrology applied to meteorology and climatology. Discussion will be made of the temperature, pressure, humidity and wind flow control, and sensing systems with reference to specific sensor test programs and future research activities.

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Influence of the Sonic Anemometer Temperature Calibration on Turbulent Heat-Flux Measurements

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Canopy-scale biophysical controls of transpiration and evaporation in the Amazon Basin

Canopy-scale biophysical controls of transpiration and evaporation in the Amazon Basin

An Assessment of Coordinate Rotation Methods in Sonic Anemometer Measurements of Turbulent Fluxes over Complex Mountainous Terrain

An Environmental Wind Tunnel Facility for Testing Meteorological Sensor Systems

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