An Environmental Wind Tunnel Facility for Testing Meteorological Sensor Systems

Holstein-Rathlou, C.; Merrison, J.P.; Iversen, J.; Jakobsen, Anna Blume; Nicolajsen, R.; Nørnberg, P.; Rasmussen, K. R.; Merlone, A.; Lopardo, G.; Hudson, T. L.; Banfield, D.; Portyankina, Ganna

doi:10.1175/jtech-d-13-00141.1

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Resuspension experiments have been carried out using an environmentally controlled recirculating wind tunnel facility at Aarhus University 22 , 33 (Fig. 1c–h ), with a chamber volume of around 35 m 3 and a wind tunnel section of >4 m in length.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental simulations of volcanic ash resuspension by wind under the effects of atmospheric humidity

Bello

Taddeucci

Merrison

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Ash deposited during volcanic eruptions can be resuspended by wind and become hazardous for health and infrastructure hours to decades after an eruption. Accurate resuspension forecasting requires accurate modelling of the threshold friction velocity of the volcanic particles (Uth*), which is the key parameter controlling volcanic ash detachment by wind. Using an environmental wind tunnel facility this study provides much needed experimental data on volcanic particle resuspension, with the first systematic parameterization of Uth* for ash from the regions Campi Flegrei in Italy and also Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland. In this study atmospheric relative humidity (and related ash moisture content) was systematically varied, from <10% to >90%, which in the case of the Eyjafjallajökull fine ash (<63 μm) produced a twofold increase in Uth*. Using the Campi Flegrei fine ash (<63 μm) an increase in Uth* of only around a factor of 1.5 was observed. Reasonable agreement with force balance resuspension models was seen, which implied an increase in interparticle adhesion force of up to a factor of six due to high humidity. Our results imply that, contrary to dry conditions, one single modelling scheme may not satisfy the resuspension of volcanic ash from different eruptions under wet conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental simulations of volcanic ash resuspension by wind under the effects of atmospheric humidity

Bello

Taddeucci

Merrison

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…The present tests were performed using the Aarhus Wind Tunnel Simulator II [Holstein-Rathlou et al, 2014] in Denmark over one week in July 2017. AWTSII is a climatic chamber housing a recirculating wind tunnel.…”

Section: Experiments Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy acoustic testing of the Mars 2020 microphone

Murdoch

Chide

Lasue

et al. 2019

Planetary and Space Science

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The SuperCam instrument suite onboard the Mars 2020 rover will include the Mars Microphone, an experiment designed to record the sounds of the SuperCam laser strikes on rocks and also aeolian noise. In order to record shock waves produced by the laser blasts, the Mars Microphone must be able to record audio signals from 100 Hz to 10 kHz on the surface of Mars, with a sensitivity sufficient to monitor a laser impact at distances up to 4 m. The Aarhus planetary simulator facility has been used to test the Mars 2020 rover microphone in a controlled Martian environment. The end-to-end tests performed in a 6 mbar CO 2 atmosphere, with wind, and also with the microphone at À80 C have demonstrated that the SuperCam/Mars Microphone requirements are satisfied. Tests were also performed on Martian soil simulant targets showing that the variation of the acoustic energy of the shock wave depends on the level of compaction of the target.

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“…This facility is located in the Mars Simulation Laboratory at Aarhus University, Denmark. It is a recirculating wind tunnel inside a cylindrical vacuum chamber of 2.5 m diameter and 8 m long, that enables reproduction of ambient conditions in the surface of Mars: low-pressure CO 2 atmosphere, wind speeds in the range from 0 to 26 m/s and variable dust content [ 44 , 52 ]. It also features a liquid Nitrogen system, which provides cooling down to the low temperatures typical on Mars surface.…”

Section: Experiments Set 1: Sensor Performance Under Typical Martiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main objective of this paper is twofold. First, to present the experimental results in the laminar regime (Reynolds numbers up to 225) obtained with the sensor at the Aarhus Wind Tunnel [ 43 , 44 ], comparing them with Finite Element Method simulations, and applying an inverse algorithm to obtain angles of incidence. And second, to analyze the potential application of this sensor in the dust-devil regime and beyond (Reynolds numbers 1000–2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Performance of a Miniature 3D Wind Sensor for Mars

Domínguez-Pumar

Kowalski

Jiménez

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a miniature 3D wind sensor designed for Mars atmosphere. The sensor is a spherical structure of 10 mm diameter divided in four sectors. By setting all the sectors to constant temperature, above that of the air, the 3D wind velocity vector can be measured. Two sets of experiments have been performed. First, an experimental campaign made under typical Mars conditions at the Aarhus Wind Tunnel Simulator is presented. The results demonstrate that both wind speed and angle can be efficiently measured, using a simple inverse algorithm. The effect of sudden wind changes is also analyzed and fast response times in the range of 0.7 s are obtained. The second set of experiments is focused on analyzing the performance of the sensor under extreme Martian wind conditions, reaching and going beyond the Dust Devil scale. To this purpose, both high-fidelity numerical simulations of fluid dynamics and heat transfer and experiments with the sensor have been performed. The results of the experiments, made for winds in the Reynolds number 1000–2000 range, which represent 65–130 m/s of wind speed under typical Mars conditions, further confirm the simulation predictions and show that it will be possible to successfully measure wind speed and direction even under these extreme regimes.

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An Environmental Wind Tunnel Facility for Testing Meteorological Sensor Systems

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental simulations of volcanic ash resuspension by wind under the effects of atmospheric humidity

Experimental simulations of volcanic ash resuspension by wind under the effects of atmospheric humidity

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy acoustic testing of the Mars 2020 microphone

Analyzing the Performance of a Miniature 3D Wind Sensor for Mars

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