Influence of the solvent viscosity on surface graft-polymerization reactions

Farquet, Patrick; Kunze, Anja; Padeste, Celestino; Solak, Harun H.; Gürsel, Selmiye Alkan; Scherer, Günther G.; Wokaun, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.052

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(4) Solvent viscosity. Farquet et al [240] created radicals on the surface of poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) foils by exposing them to 92 eV photons, then used oxygen to produce peroxides. These peroxides could initiate radically polymerize with glycidyl methacrylate.…”

Section: Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Zhou

Shao

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Zhou

Shao

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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“…In recent years, the ultraviolet (UV)-induced grafting (photografting) has become a very popular technique for the modification and functionalization of polymeric materials and has drawn many attentions because it has many advantages: such as the reaction of graft polymerization only occurs on the surface or subsurface without affecting the bulk polymer as well as the low cost of equipment and continuous operation. [2][3][4] Photografting reactions usually require a photoinitiator or photoinitiating system, except for some selfinitiated grafting. 5,6 Photoinitiator plays a key role in the grafting reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photografting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid onto polyolefines initiated by formaldehyde in aqueous solutions

Han

Wang

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Formaldehyde aqueous solution can act as an effective photoinitiating system for water-borne photografting. The photografting of acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) onto high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) initiated by formaldehyde aqueous solutions has been reported. The effects of formaldehyde content and monomer concentration on grafting varied with the polymeric substrates and monomers used. For the grafting of AA onto HDPE, the extent of grafting increased with increasing formaldehyde content in the solution, monomer concentration had a little effect on grafting. Whereas for the grafting of MAA onto HDPE, the grafting performed in 8% formaldehyde aqueous solution lead to the highest extent of grafting, the extent of grafting increased with monomer concentration till 2.5 mol/L. MAA was easier to be grafted onto the polyolefins than AA. The easiness of grafting occurring on the polyolefins was in a decreasing order of LDPE > HDPE > PP. Qualitative and semi-quantitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterizations of the grafted samples were performed. For both grafted LDPE and PP samples, at the same irradiation time, the carbonyl index of the samples grafted with MAA was higher than that grafted with AA. The FTIR results are in accord with the results obtained by gravimetric method. The water absorbency of the grafted samples increased almost linearly with the extent of grafting. The PE films grafted with AA adsorbed more water than those grafted with MAA. This study had broadened the water-borne initiating system for photografting.

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“…These highly viscose regions create very local Trommsdorff effects where termination rates are reduced by the lack of mobility of surface grown chains. 46 A mushroom to brush transition was observed at the AFM between grafted chains in the 100 and 500 nm period line nanostructures. We assumed that for low-, medium-, and highresolution lines polymer chains possess a similar molecular weight for a single grafting batch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Extreme UV Radiation Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate Nanostructures onto Fluoropolymer Foils by RAFT-Mediated Polymerization

et al. 2008

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Periodic nanostructures of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (pGMA) were grafted onto poly(ethylenealt-tetrafluorethylene) (ETFE) films by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. ETFE samples were first irradiated in an interference lithographic setup using EUV (extreme ultraviolet) light followed by exposure to air to introduce surface peroxide groups serving as thermal initiators for the graft polymerization. The dependence of height and morphology of the grafted pGMA structures on the exposure dose and on the grafting parameters such as time and concentration of RAFT chain transfer agent was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RAFT mediation reduces the grafted layer thickness by a factor of 5-10 compared to uncontrolled free radical polymerization and significantly improves the spatial resolution into the 50 nm range. A mushroom to brush transition was observed for low absorbed doses. This transition was found to occur at ∼(1.5 ( 0.7) × 10 -3 and ∼(3 ( 1.3) × 10 -3 chains/nm 2 for the free radical and RAFT-mediated polymerization, respectively. The grafting density increased with increasing absorbed dose up to a maximum of 0.1-0.2 chains/nm 2 . The data interpretation is supported by simulations based on photon statistics.

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Influence of the solvent viscosity on surface graft-polymerization reactions

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Photografting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid onto polyolefines initiated by formaldehyde in aqueous solutions

Extreme UV Radiation Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate Nanostructures onto Fluoropolymer Foils by RAFT-Mediated Polymerization

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