Influence of the Sequence of the Reagents Addition in the Citrate-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

Ojea-Jiménez, Isaac; Bastús, Neus G.; Puntes, Víctor

doi:10.1021/jp2017242

Cited by 155 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

143

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…They also have observed that the diameter of the obtained GNPs levels off at very high citrate to gold(III) molar ratios (Ct/Au≥14:1) [5]. Puntes group [21] and Sivaraman et al [22] have shown that if the sequence of the addition of citrate and gold chloride is reversed, the GNPs formed are smaller and narrower in size distribution. Moreover, gold salt concentrations much higher than 0.25 mM have been studied by other groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of high gold salt concentrations on the size and polydispersity of gold nanoparticles prepared by an extended Turkevich–Frens method

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Turkevich-Frens synthesis starting conditions are expanded, ranging the gold salt concentrations up to 2 mM and citrate/gold(III) molar ratios up to 18:1. For each concentration of the initial gold salt solution, the citrate/gold(III) molar ratios are systematically varied from 2:1 to 18:1 and both the size and size distribution of the resulting gold nanoparticles are compared. This study reveals a different nanoparticle size evolution for gold salt solutions ranging below 0.8 mM compared to the case of gold salt solutions above 0.8 mM. In the case of [Au 3+ ]<0.8 mM, both the size and size distribution vary substantially with the citrate/gold(III) ratio, both displaying plateaux that evolve inversely to [Au 3+ ] at larger ratios. Conversely, for [Au 3+ ]≥0.8 mM, the size and size distribution of the synthesized gold nanoparticles continuously rise as the citrate/gold(III) ratio is increased. A starting gold salt concentration of 0.6 mM leads to the formation of the most monodisperse gold nanoparticles (polydispersity index< 0.1) for a wide range of citrate/gold(III) molar ratios (from 4:1 to 18:1). Via a model for the formation of gold nanoparticles by the citrate method, the experimental trends in size could be qualitatively predicted: the simulations showed that the destabilizing effect of increased electrolyte concentration at high initial [Au 3+ ] is compensated by a slight increase in zeta potential of gold nanoparticles to produce concentrated dispersion of gold nanoparticles of small sizes.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of high gold salt concentrations on the size and polydispersity of gold nanoparticles prepared by an extended Turkevich–Frens method

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The kinetic control of NC's morphology has been proved effective to control nucleation and growth [23]. The controlled dosing of reagents (rather than the exact amounts of reagents employed) can kinetically trap NCs into metastable states or modify the formation of the sub-products of the reaction in such a way that the final result depends not only on the amount of reagents used but also on the way the reagents are added [88,89]. Thus, starting from the same amount of precursor one can obtain a large amount of small particles or a fewer larger ones.…”

Section: Kinetic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring New Synthetic Strategies for the Production of Advanced Complex Inorganic Nanocrystals

Bastús

González

Esteve

et al. 2014

Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The design of new protocols for the colloidal synthesis of complex nanocrystals (NCs) with advanced functionalities, comprising both hybrid and hollow structures, and the study of their fundamental properties is of paramount importance for the development of a new generation of nanostructured materials. The possibility of tailoring the dimensional regime of NCs, along with its composition and structure, represents a landmark achievement in the control of their unique physico-chemical properties. These properties, alongside with the ability to cheaply produce high quality NCs in fairly large amounts by wetchemistry techniques, leads to their potential applicability from materials science to nanomedicine. Within this context, this review is focused on describing a successful framework for designing synthetic strategies for the production of advanced complex NCs, integrating the development of new synthetic methods with its structural characterization, monitoring of their properties, and study of its reactivity. As a result, it is expected to provide new routes to produce robust and easy-to-process NCs in a wide range of sizes, shapes and configurations that can be explored to achieve the combination of all degrees of control, aiming to produce a complete and diverse library of material combinations that will expand its applicability in a wide diversity of fields.

show abstract

“…Gold nanoparticles of 10 nm to 200 nm in diameter were synthesized following previously developed strategies [15][16][17] . In detail, a solution of sodium citrate 2.2 mM in Milli-Q water (150 mL) was heated to reflux with a heating mantel in a 250 mL three-necked round-bottom flask for 15 min under vigorous stirring.…”

Section: Synthetic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of sodium citrate (SC) in the formation and growing mechanism of Au NPs was systematically examined, obtaining that oxidation of SC can be induced either by the presence of HAuCl 4 or by its thermal decomposition under air 16 . As a result, it was proved that it is possible to increase the oxidation rate of SC by exchanging the order of reagent addition, which leads to a better control of Au NPs size and morphology in comparison to standard Turkevich approach.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Gold Nanoparticles: Size Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic nanoparticles and the immune system: detection, selective activation and tolerance

Bastús

Sánchez-Tilló

Pujals³

et al. 2012

SPIE Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The immune system is the responsible for body integrity and prevention of external invasion. On one side, nanoparticles are no triggers that the immune system is prepared to detect, on the other side it is known that foreign bodies, not only bacteria, viruses and parasites, but also inorganic matter, can cause various pathologies such as silicosis, asbestosis or inflammatory reactions. Therefore, nanoparticles entering the body, after interaction with proteins, will be either recognized as self-agents or detected by the immune system, encompassing immunostimulation or immunosuppression responses. The nature of these interactions seems to be dictated not specially by the composition of the material but by modifications of NP coating (composition, surface charge and structure). Herein, we explore the use of gold nanoparticles as substrates to carry multifunctional ligands to manipulate the immune system in a controlled manner, from undetection to immunostimulation. Murine bone marrow macrophages can be activated with artificial nanometric objects consisting of a gold nanoparticle functionalized with peptides. In the presence of some conjugates, macrophage proliferation was stopped and pro-inflammatory cytokines were induced. The biochemical type of response depended on the type of conjugated peptide and was correlated with the degree of ordering in the peptide coating. These findings help to illustrate the basic requirements involved in medical NP conjugate design to either activate the immune system or hide from it, in order to reach their targets before being removed by phagocytes. Additionally, it opens up the possibility to modulate the immune response in order to suppress unwanted responses resulting from autoimmunity, or allergy or to stimulate protective responses against pathogens.

show abstract

Influence of the Sequence of the Reagents Addition in the Citrate-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

Cited by 155 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of high gold salt concentrations on the size and polydispersity of gold nanoparticles prepared by an extended Turkevich–Frens method

Effect of high gold salt concentrations on the size and polydispersity of gold nanoparticles prepared by an extended Turkevich–Frens method

Exploring New Synthetic Strategies for the Production of Advanced Complex Inorganic Nanocrystals

Inorganic nanoparticles and the immune system: detection, selective activation and tolerance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About