Influence of the menstrual cycle phase and menstrual symptoms on maximal anaerobic performance

Giacomoni, Magali; Berthet, Thierry; Gavarry, Olivier; Altare, S; Falgairette, G.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00034

Cited by 80 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The relationship between physical exercises and dysmenorrhea is not well established in the literature. In some athletes, dysmenorrhea symptoms remain with training, in others, the symptoms fade 45,46 .…”

Section: Menstrual Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comportamento alimentar e imagem corporal em atletas

Oliveira

Bosi

Vigário

et al. 2003

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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ENGLISH VERSIONevidenced that 16.6% of the athletes presented a non-usual dietary pattern according to symptoms, but with no significance in terms of severity. These athletes are included among those who are not happy with their body. No athlete had a positive results. The findings of this study suggest the presence of symptoms that do not actually characterize bulimia or anorexia nervosa, but they point to the need of a careful surveillance and assessment of eating disorders and their precursors among athletes, as a way of prevention.Key words: Eating disorders. Athletes. Amenorrhea. Body composition. INTRODUCTIONThe model of beauty society imposes a lean body, without considering health-related aspects and the different physical features of the population. Such distorted beauty standard makes an increasing number of women to go on weight-control diets, to over-practice physical exercises, and to a wide use of laxatives, diuretics and anorectic drugs 1 . These are considered precursory behaviors of eating disorders -which include anorexia and bulimia nervosa, and the so-called non-specific eating disorders, among which the periodic eating compulsion disorder stands out. The detection of partial syndromes of such diseases is of high importance for prevention, as they currently occur more often than the disease itself 2 . Young women, because they are more vulnerable to pressures of society, culture and economics on esthetic standards, are the group at higher risk for eating disorders 3 . Eating disorders are from multiple causes, including genetic, environmental and behavioral factors. People with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa have, in common, an excessive concern with weight and diet, are dissatisfied and have a distorted perception of their body image, and typically are resistant to treatment. Lethality rate from anorexia nervosa ranges between 5% and 20%, which justifies the need for prevention.Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a self-imposed dietary restriction, in order to achieve a marked weight loss. ABSTRACTThe sports environment can enhance social and cultural pressure towards a lean body. The close relationship between corporal image and performance makes the female athletes a group particularly vulnerable to eating disorders and weight-control practices. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the presence of behaviors suggestive of eating disorders, shifts in body perception, and menstrual dysfunctions in female athletes of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro School of Physical Education (EEFD-UFRJ). Twelve female athletes (20 ± 2 years), who had been training for 4.6 ± 2.3 years, a total of 13.8 ± 2.9 hours per week, were examined. The results of the athletes and of 32 young non-athletes (15 ± 1.4 years) were compared. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to evaluate weight-control and eating attitudes and behaviors. The Bulimic Investigatory Test Edimburgh (BITE) was used to identify suggestive behaviors of bulimia nervosa, and also to obtain data about cognitive and behav...

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Section: Menstrual Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comportamento alimentar e imagem corporal em atletas

Oliveira

Bosi

Vigário

et al. 2003

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…Since the participants in the present study were oral contraceptive users and variations in strength were not verified, we may corroborate the speculation of the authors mentioned above. Conversely, Giacomoni et al (19) did not observe oscillations in anaerobic performance during the MC, regardless of the use of oral contraception, suggesting hence that the absence or presence of pre-menstrual symptoms or dysmenorrheal could affect performance. Such symptoms are derived from the oscillations of estrogen/progesterone during the MC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Thus, the variations in the hormonal concentrations would provide better performance in the follicular phase. Nevertheless, the evidence does not support this statement (4,(8)(9)(10)17,19) . Reviewing the literature, it is observed that the issue of strength performance concerning the different phases of the MC still remains controverse (2,5,7) .…”

Section: Lutealmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Subsequently to the establishment of the inclusion criteria, 20 women volunteered to participate in the study; however, as the collections were carried out, sample loss of 55% took place and the experiment was ended with nine women. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that the majority of studies reviewed used a reduced number of participants (4,10,11,13,17,19) . Another important limitation was the definition of the beginning and end of each phase of the MC.…”

Section: Lutealmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efeito das diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual no desempenho da força muscular em 10RM

Loureiro

Dias

Sales

et al. 2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) on muscular strength performance in resistance exercises. Nine healthy and physically active women, aged 27±7 yrs, body mass 58.2±5 kg, height 161.1±4.7 cm and BMI 20.4±2 kg/m2 participated in the study. All of them had regular MCs (28-31 days), used oral contraceptives and had been experienced in resistance exercises for at least eight months. Muscle strength was evaluated with a 10RM test in the following order: leg press 45º, bench press, leg extension and biceps curl. The tests were performed in the three phases of the MC: follicular (between the 3rd and 5th day of menses), ovulatory (between 9th and 10th days) and luteal (between 17th and 21th days). ANOVA for repeated measures was applied for statistical analysis, data were analyzed in the SPSS 15.0 and level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). No significant statistical differences were observed in the mobilized weight between the MC periods in those four exercises. Regarding the leg press exercise, a 5% increment in muscle strength was observed on the luteal phase. In the remaining exercises and phases these differences were not observed. In conclusion, the phases of the MC did not affect performance of muscular strength in resistance exercise, both single and multiple joint, for large or small muscle groups or in different body segments.

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“…Outra limitação reside no fato de alguns estudos apontarem a variação no desempenho muscular em decorrência de flutuações hormonais durante o ciclo menstrual e utilização de contraceptivos orais (SARWARDE NICLOS; RUTHERFORD, 1996) ou de sintomas pré-menstruais (GIACOMONI et al, 2000;CHAVES;ARAúJO, 2002). Entretanto, no presente estudo não foi analisado o uso de contraceptivos uma vez que outros autores não indiquem alteração significativa de fatores relacionados ao uso de contraceptivos ou da fase menstrual para ganho de força, o que seria importante para a amostra deste estudo por se tratar de estudantes jovens (LOUREIRO et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Comparação entre Diferentes Exercícios Resistidos para Jovens não Treinadas

et al. 2015

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RESUMO:O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e comparar os efeitos de 05 semanas de treinamento resistido sobre variáveis musculoesqueléticas, utilizando aparelhos de musculação ou massa corporal como resistência, em jovens não treinadas. Realizou-se estudo longitudinal, controlado, com 26 voluntárias divididas por sorteio simples em três grupos semelhantes: treinado com aparelho de musculação (GAM); treinado com resistência corporal (GRC); e sem treinamento -grupo controle (GC). Avaliações iniciais e reavaliações físicas após 05 semanas envolveram testes de flexibilidade, força e resistência muscular. Os grupos experimentais realizaram protocolos específicos de treinamento. De 15 variáveis analisadas, houve diferença significante em 09 favoráveis ao GRC e em 05 favoráveis aos GAM em relação ao GC. Houve diferença significante entre GRC e GAM somente para uma variável, favorável ao GAM. Constatou-se que 05 semanas de treinamento resistido foram suficientes para gerar alterações significantes sobre a flexibilidade, a força e a resistência muscular. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: COMPARING DIFFERENT RESISTING EXERCISES FOR NON-TRAINED YOUNG PEOPLEABSTRACT: The effects of a five-week resisting training on muscleskeleton variables were compared. Bodybuilding or body mass apparatuses as resistance were employed by non-trained young people. The control longitudinal study was performed on 26 voluntary young people divided into three similar groups: trained with bodybuilding apparatus (GAM), trained with body resistance (GRC); non-trained (GC). After 5 weeks, physical initial and re-evaluations involved flexibility, force and muscular resistance tests. Experimental groups undertook specific training protocols. There was significant difference in 9 out of the 15 variables analyzed which were favorable to GRC and in 5 which were favorable to GAM, when compared to GC. There was a significant difference between GRC and GAM for a single variable, favorable to GAM. Results showed that five weeks of resisting training were sufficient to produce significant changes on flexibility, force and muscle resistance.

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Influence of the menstrual cycle phase and menstrual symptoms on maximal anaerobic performance

Cited by 80 publications

References 15 publications

Comportamento alimentar e imagem corporal em atletas

Comportamento alimentar e imagem corporal em atletas

Efeito das diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual no desempenho da força muscular em 10RM

Comparação entre Diferentes Exercícios Resistidos para Jovens não Treinadas

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